The Toyota Corolla is a line of subcompact and compact cars produced by Toyota. Introduced in 1966, the Corolla was the world's best-selling car in 1974 and has been one of the best-selling cars in the world ever since. In 1997, the Corolla became the world's best-selling nameplate, surpassing the Volkswagen Beetle. Toyota reached a milestone of 40 million Corollas that sold over eleven generations in July 2013. The series has undergone several major redesigns.
The name Corolla is part of the naming tradition of Toyota using a name derived from Toyota Crown for a sedan, with Latin "corolla" for the "little crown". The Corolla is always exclusive in Japan for the Toyota Corolla Store location, and is produced in Japan with twin, called the Toyota Sprinter until 2000. In Japan and most of the world, the hatchback companion since 2006 has called the Toyota Auris. Prior to Auris, Toyota used the Corolla name on the bodystyle hatchback in various international markets.
The initial model is mostly rear-wheel drive, while the next models are front-wheel drive. Four-wheel drive version has also been produced. The traditional Corolla competitor is Nissan Sunny, introducing the same year as the Corolla in Japan and then Honda Civic and Mitsubishi Lancer. The Corolla chassis designation code is "E", as described in the Toyota chassis and machine code.
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The Corolla is manufactured in Japan at the original Toyota Takaoka site built in 1966. Various production facilities have been built in Brazil, (Indaiatuba, SÃÆ'Â £ o Paulo), Canada (Cambridge, Ontario), China (Tianjin), India (Bangalore) Pakistan (Karachi), South Africa (Durban), Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey and Venezuela. Previous production has been done in Australia (Victoria) and Great Britain (Derbyshire). Production in the United States (at NUMMI in Fremont, California) ended in March 2010. Production resumed the following year after the Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi plant opened in November 2011 in Blue Springs, Mississippi.
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Alternate version
In Japan, the Corolla is always exclusive to the Japanese retail sales chain called Toyota Corolla Store , previously established in 1961, known as Toyota General Store , sells Toyota Publica. A badly engineered version called Sprinter was introduced around the same time as the Corolla in Japan, and sold through different Toyota Japan sales channels known since 1966 as the Toyota Car Shop.
There have been several models over the years, including the same hardtop Corolla Ceres (and Hardtop Sprinter Marino), Corolla Levin and Trueno Sprinter sports coupÃÆ'Â © s and hatchback, and Corolla FX hatchback, which became Corolla RunX , while Sprinter became Allex, with the introduction of ZZE128 Crown Leaf. The RunX and Allex were replaced by Auris in 2006 (known only as Corolla in markets outside of Japan, Europe and South Africa). Luxury versions of the Auris fitted with V6 engines are briefly sold at Toyota Japan dealers Toyota Shops and Toyopet Stores as Blade, which is discontinued in 2012.
The compact MPV called Corolla Verso has also been released in the European market. The Japanese partner is Corolla Spacio , which has been discontinued in the 10th generation. The Corolla Rumion is also sold in the US market as Scion xB.
The Corolla Matrix, better known as the Matrix, shares the E120 and E140 platforms, and is considered a hatchback/sport wagon partner of North American Corolla sedans, as the European/Australasian Corolla hatchback is not sold there. Toyota often combines sales numbers of Corolla and Matrix sedans. The Pontiac Vibe, which is the General Motors version of the Matrix, shares the Corolla platform. The Pontiac Vibe was exported from Fremont, California to the Japanese market where it was sold as Toyota Voltz .
For years, there was a rejuvenated Corolla version, sold by General Motors, including Holden Nova in Australia during the early 1990s, and Chevrolet Nova, Chevrolet Prizm, and Geo Prizm (in the United States) based on Sprinter. The Corolla liftback (TE72) from Toyota Australia is dubbed just as T-18 . The five-door liftback is sold under the name Corolla Seca in Australia and the nameplate stays on a five-door model in a row.
The Charmant Daihatsu is manufactured from the E30 to the E70 series.
The Tercel is a front-wheel drive car, first introduced in 1980 at a Toyota Japan dealer called Toyota Corolla Store , and called Corolla Tercel then, and then given its own name in 1984. The Tercel platform is also used for the Corolla II hatchback in Japan.
First generation (E10; 1966-1970)
The first Corolla generation was introduced in November 1966 with a new K 1200 cc pushrod engine. Corolla Sprinter was introduced as a fastback version in 1968, and exclusive to Toyota Japan's dealer retail outlets called Toyota Auto Store .
Second generation (E20; 1970-1978)
In May 1970, E20 was fixed with a more rounded body. The now exclusive Corolla and Sprinter names are used to distinguish between two slightly different sheet metal and trim treatments. The names Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno were introduced as enhanced performance versions of the Corolla and Sprinter respectively when the double overhead version of the camshaft of the 2T engine was introduced in March 1972 (TE27).
In September 1970, machines 1400Ã, cc T and 1600Ã, cc 2T OHV were added to the range.
In Australia, only 2-door KE20 2-door is available as a sedan and cart/panelvan. The brakes are a single system with no booster, solid discs on the front and back drums. Front sway bar but no back rocking bar. Sections are not compatible with later models.
In NZ, KE20 4 doors is available.
Most models stopped production in July 1974 but wagon and van KE26 were still marketed in Japan along with 30 new series, until production finally ended in May 1978.
Third generation (E30, E40, E50, E60; 1974-1981)
April 1974 brought the Corollas and Sprinter bigger and bigger. This range is rounded up by the addition of a two-door liftback. Corolla is given the E30 code while Sprinters is coded E40. Facial firming in March 1976 saw most of the Corolla E30 models being replaced by equivalent E50 models and most of the E40 Sprinter models were replaced by equivalent E60 models. The E30 Corolla comes with a shortened front seat belt.
In Australia, KE3x is available as 4-door sedan, 2-door sedan, 2 door panel van (KE36) and 4 door wagon (KE38). All have a 3K engine and a manual gearbox K40 or 3 speed Auto. Runner not available. The KE5x model is then available as a 4-door sedan or 2-door coupe (A true pillar-less design) with a 4K engine. The KE55 is 50 kg heavier because of the addition of side impact protection on the door, but due to changes in body metal and sealing their seams are susceptible to rust. Then KE55 also uses a plastic end bar blade as opposed to all the chrome bumpers of the previous model, but includes the rear gaybar for the first time.
Fourth generation (E70; 1979-1987)
The main restyle in March 1979 brought a square design. Corolla has a simpler treatment of grills, headlamps and taillights while the Sprinter uses a slightly more elaborate and sculpted treatment. A new A-series engine is added to the range as the change goes. This is the last model to use K "hicam" and T series engines. Fuel injection is introduced as an additional cost option on Japanese market vehicles.
Fifth Generation (E80; 1983-1987)
A sloped front hood and a sharp edged, no-frills contemporary style were brought in during May 1983. The new 1C 1839 cc diesel engine was added to the range with the E80 Series. Starting in 1985, the re-labeled E80 Sprinters were sold in the US as the fifth-generation Chevrolet Nova. Fuel injection is introduced as an additional international cost option.
Most models now use the front wheel layout except the AE85 and AE86, which are the last Corollas offered in rear-wheel drive or FR layout. The AE85 and AE86 chassis are also used for Sprinter (including Trueno Sprinter). The Sprinter is almost identical to the Corolla, just different from minor body-style changes such as pop-up lights.
Sixth Generation (E90; 1987-1992)
A slightly more rounded and aerodynamic style was used for the E90 that was introduced in May 1987. Overall this generation has a finer feel than the older Corolla and other old subcompacts. Most models now are front-wheel drive, along with some AWD All-Trac models. Many engines are used on a variety of trim levels and models, ranging from 1.3 liters 2E to 165 horsepower (123 kW) supercharged 4A-GZE. In the US, the E90 Sprinter is built and sold as both the Toyota Sprinter and Geo Prizm. In Australia, the E90 Corolla is built and sold as both Toyota Corolla and Holden Nova.
Seventh generation (E100; 1991-2002)
In June 1991, the Corolla received a redesign for being bigger, heavier, and had a truly rounded aerodynamic shape from the 1990s. In the United States, the somewhat larger Corolla is now in a compact class, rather than a subcompact, and coupons are still available in some markets, known as AE101 Corolla Levin. Most carburetors are retired with this generation.
Eighth generation (E110; 1995-2002)
Production of the Corolla E110 began in May 1995. The design of the car is slightly altered throughout but still looks similar to the E100. In 1998, for the first time, some non-Japanese Corollas received a new 1ZZ-FE engine. The new engine is the first in Toyota to have an aluminum engine block and aluminum cylinder head, which makes this generation lighter than the Corolla E100. The range of models is starting to change as Toyota decides the different styles will increase sales in different markets.
This generation was delayed in North America until mid-1997 (US 1998 model), where it has a unique front and rear style. Europe and Australasia accept their own version as well. In Pakistan, the model was discontinued in November 1998, while production closed in March 2002.
The ninth generation (E120, E130; 2000-2007)
In August 2000, the Corolla's ninth-generation E120 was introduced in Japan, with better styles and more technology to bring the nameplate into the 21st century. This version is sold in Japan, Australasia, Europe and the Middle East.
In mid 2001, E130 Corolla Altis was released. It has a fresh look and is slightly longer and wider than the E120 but with the same body and interior panel. E130 is sold in ASEAN, India, and Taiwan. The station wagon model is called Corolla Fielder in Japan. The North American Liberation was postponed until March 2002 (for model year 2003). The E120 continues in parallel in a separate market to the E130.
Production in Japan ended in January 2007 (for Corolla Runx and Allex) but production in North America continued into October 2007. Production continues in China
The Tenth Generation (2006-2013)
Japan (E140 narrow; 2006-2012)
The tenth generation of E140 Corolla was introduced in October 2006. The Japanese market is called the Corolla Axio sedan. The station wagon retains the name Corolla Fielder .
International (E140/E150 wide ; 2007-2013)
For international markets, a wider version of the E140 is sold in different styles, with the ASEAN and Taiwan markets retaining the Corolla Altis branding. Japanese (E160; 2012-current)
The eleventh generation Corolla goes on sale in Japan in May 2012. The sedan is named after the Corolla Axio while the wagon is named Corolla Fielder . In Japan, both are made by Toyota's subsidiary, Central Motors, in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The redesigned model has slightly smaller exterior dimensions and is easier to drive in narrow alleys and parking lots for targeted elderly drivers.
The new Corolla Axio is available with a 1.3-liter 1NR-FE engine or a 1-liter four-cylinder 1NZ-FE ; front or all-wheel drive. Both manual transmission and 5-speed CVT are offered. The 1.3-liter engine and all-wheel-drive variant is available only with CVT transmission. Corolla Fielder is available with a 1.5-liter 1QZ-FE engine or a 1.8-liter 4ZR-FAE four-cylinder engine mated to a CVT transmission. 1.5 liters is available with front drive and all wheels, 1.8 liters are only offered on the front-wheel drive. Since 2015 there is a new 2NR-FKE engine, with its VVT technology.
Toyota released a hybrid version of the Corolla Axio sedan and Corolla Fielder wagon station for the Japanese market in August 2013. Both cars are equipped with a 1.5 liter hybrid system similar to that used in Toyota Prius c, with 3.03 à fuel efficiency, L/100Ã, km (93.2 mpg -imp ) below the JC08 test cycle. Toyota's monthly sales target for Japan is 1,000 units of the Corolla Axio hybrid and 1,500 units of the Corolla Fielder hybrid.
International (E170; 2013-current)
The international market continues with E140/E150 until at least 2013 when the E170 model arrives. The E170 is larger and much different from the Japanese E160, with its unique body and interior. Two basic and rear styling styles are fitted to the E170: a North American version that debuted first and a more conservative design for all other markets debuting in 2013.
In 2017, Toyota released a hatchback version in the US called the Corolla iM, a rejuvenated second generation Auris.
The twelfth generation (2018-present)
Hatchback
The twelfth generation Corolla in the hatchback body style was launched in March 2018 Geneva Motor Show as Auris. The North American version of the Corolla hatchback was introduced at the 2018 New York International Auto Show, with official details revealed in March 2018. It will be available in the third quarter of 2018.
Sales
See also
- Toyota Sprinter: Corolla twins for the Japanese market with slightly different body panels
- Toyota AE86
- Toyota Corolla Levin and Toyota Sprinter Trueno: Corolla and Sprinter sports models
- Chevrolet Nova: Chevrolet (GM brand) re-tinkering with Sprinter (USA) 1985-1988
- Geo Prizm: Geo (GM brand) re-tinkering with Sprinter (USA) 1989-1997
- Chevrolet Prizm: Chevrolet (GM brand) 1998-2002
- Holden Nova: Holden (GM brand) re-incarnate Corolla (Australia) 1989-1996
References
External links
- Toyota Global Site | Vehicle Inheritance Ã, Â · Corolla
- blog.toyota.co.ukÃ,: Vehicles: Corolla History (official site)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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