A Gantt chart is a bar chart type that describes the project schedule, named after its discoverer, Henry Gantt (1861-1919), who designed such a chart around 1910-1915. Modern Gantt charts also show the dependence relationship between activity and current schedule status.
Video Gantt chart
Definisi
Gantt chart is a bar chart type that describes the project schedule. This chart lists the tasks to be done on the vertical axis, and the time interval on the horizontal axis. The horizontal bar width in the graph shows the duration of each activity. The Gantt chart describes the start and end dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements are the detailed structure of the project work. Modern Gantt charts also show dependence (ie, network precedents) relationships between activities. Gantt chart can be used to indicate the current schedule status using the percent-finished shading and vertical "TODAY" line as shown here.
Gantt charts are sometimes likened to bar charts.
Gantt charts are usually created initially using the start time approach , where each task is scheduled to start immediately when the prerequisites are completed. This method maximizes the float time available for all tasks.
Maps Gantt chart
Historical development
Although it is now considered a common charting technique, the Gantt chart is considered revolutionary when it was first introduced. The first known tool of this type was developed in 1896 by Karol Adamiecki, who referred to it as the harmonogram . Adamiecki did not publish his chart until 1931, and only in Poland, which limits both his adoption and recognition of his authorship.
In 1912, Hermann SchÃÆ'¼rch published what was considered a Gantt chart when discussing a construction project. It seems that the SchÃÆ'¼rch chart is not prominent but rather routine in Germany at the time they were published. Previous developments leading to the work of SchÃÆ'¼rch are unknown. Unlike the Gantt charts later on, the SchÃÆ'¼rch chart does not display interdependence, letting it be concluded by the reader. It is also a static representation of the planned schedule.
This graph is named after Henry Gantt (1861-1919), who designed the charts around 1910-1915.
One of the first major applications of the Gantt chart was by the United States during World War I, at the instigation of General William Crozier.
The earliest Gantt charts are drawn on paper and therefore should be redrawn completely to match schedule changes. Over the years, project managers use pieces of paper or beams for Gantt chart bars so they can be customized as needed. In the 1980s, personal computers enabled the creation of extensive elaborate and complicated Gantt charts. The first desktop app is intended primarily for project managers and project schedulers. With the advent of the Internet and increased collaboration over the network in the late 1990s, Gantt charts became a common feature of web-based applications, including collaborative groupware. In 2012, almost all Gantt charts are created by software that can easily adapt to schedule changes.
In 1999, the Gantt chart was identified as "one of the most widely used management tools for project scheduling and control".
Example
In the following table there are seven tasks, labeled a via g . Some tasks can be performed simultaneously ( a and b ) while others can not be done until their predecessor tasks are completed ( c and d can not start until a finishes). In addition, each task has three time estimates: estimated optimistic time ( O ), most probable or normal time estimates ( M ), and pessimistic time estimates ( P ). Expected time ( T E ) is estimated to use a beta probability distribution for estimated time, using the formula ( O Ã,4 M Ã, P ) Ã, Â · 6.
After this step is completed, one can draw a Gantt chart or network diagram.
Gantt chart progress
In the progress Gantt chart , the task is shaded proportionally to the completion level. In other words, a 60% complete task will be 60% shaded, starting from the left. Vertical lines are drawn on time indexes when Gantt charts are created, and these lines can then be compared to shaded assignments. If everything is on schedule, all the remaining tasks of the line will be shaded, and all the right duty sections of the line will not be shaded. It provides a visual representation of how the project and its tasks are in front of or behind schedule.
Gantt charts linked
Linked Gantt charts contains lines that indicate interdependencies between tasks. However, the associated Gantt charts quickly become messy in all but the simplest cases. Network diagrams of critical paths are superior to visually communicating relationships between tasks. However, Gantt charts are often preferred over network diagrams because Gantt diagrams are easily interpreted without training, whereas critical path diagrams require training to interpret. Gantt chart software usually provides a mechanism for connecting task dependencies, although this data may or may not be represented visually. Gantt graphs and network diagrams are often used for the same project, both generated from the same data by software applications.
See also
- Critical path method
- The chain chain methodology
- Float (project management)
- Henry Gantt
- List of project management software, which includes custom Gantt Chart software.
- Program review and review techniques (PERT)
- Event chain diagram
Quote
References
Further reading
External links
- An old discussion of Gantt chart format restrictions, and alternatively, on the Edward Tufte website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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