Xenu ( ), also called Xemu , is, according to founder of Scientology L. Ron Hubbard, dictator of "Galactic Confederation" 75 million years ago bringing billions of its people to Earth (later known as "Teegeeack") in a DC-8-like spacecraft, piled it around a volcano, and killed them with hydrogen bombs. The Scientology scriptures officially argue that thetans (eternal spirits) of these aliens are attached to humans, causing spiritual destruction.
These events are known in Scientology as "Incident II", and traumatic memories associated with them as "The Wall of Fire" or "R6 implant". The Xenu narratives are part of the Scientologist's teaching on extraterrestrial civilization and foreign intervention in worldly events, collectively described as "operatic space" by Hubbard. Hubbard detailed the story in Operation Thetan level III (OT III) in 1967, warning that "R6 implants" (trauma of the past) "are calculated for killing (by pneumonia, etc.) anyone who tries to solve it".
In the Church of Scientology, the story of Xenu is part of the Church's "Secret Sophisticated" technology, which is considered a sacred and esoteric teaching, usually expressed only to members who have completed a series of great-cost courses. The Church avoids mentioning Xenu in public statements and has tried hard to keep the secrecy of the story, including legal action on the basis of copyright and trade secrecy. Scientology Church officials widely deny or try to hide the story of Xenu. However, much of Xenu's material has been leaked to the public through court documents, a copy of Hubbard's notes, and the Internet. In comments about the impact of the Xenu text, academics have discussed and analyzed the writings by Hubbard and their place in Scientology in the context of science fiction, UFO religion, Gnosticism and creation myth.
Video Xenu
Summary
The story of Xenu is included in OT III, part of the secret Doctor's "Advanced Technology" doctrine taught only for advanced members who have undergone many hours of audit and achieved a Clear state followed by Operation Thetan levels 1 and 2. This is described in more detail in the secret lecture "Assist" that accompanied it on October 3, 1968, and dramatized in Revolt in the Stars (a screen story - in the form of a novel - written by L. Ron Hubbard in 1977).
Hubbard wrote that Xenu was the Galactic Confederate ruler 75 million years ago, consisting of 26 stars and 76 planets including Earth, later known as "Teegeeack". The planets are densely populated, containing an average population of 178 billion. The Confederate Galactic Civilizations are comparable to our own, with aliens "walking in clothing that looks so incredible as the clothes they wear today" and using cars, trains and boats that look exactly the same as "around 1950, 1960" on Earth.
Xenu was about to be overthrown from power, so he devised a plan to eliminate the excess population from his power. With the help of a psychiatrist, he collects billions of citizens by pretending to be an income tax check, then paralyze them and freeze them in a mixture of alcohol and glycols to capture their souls. The abducted population was loaded onto a spacecraft to be taken to the extermination site, Teegeeack planet (Earth). The emergence of this spacecraft will be unconsciously expressed in the design of Douglas DC-8, the only difference being that "DC8 has fans, propellers on it and no spacecraft". When they reached Teegeeack, the crippled citizen was lowered around a volcanic base across the planet. The hydrogen bomb was then lowered to the volcano and detonated simultaneously, killing all but a few aliens. Hubbard describes the scene in the script of his movie, Revolt in the Stars :
At the same time, the cost of planting erupted. The atomic explosion bubbled from the crater of Loa, Vesuvius, Shasta, Washington, Fujiyama, Etna, and many others. Curved higher and higher, up and out, clouds loomed mushrooming, shot with flashes of fire, waste, and fission. Strong winds raced across the face of the Earth, spreading the story of destruction...
The soul of a now-bodily victim, called Hubbard
In addition to instilling new beliefs in thetans, the pictures deprived their personal identity. When thetans leave the projection area, they begin to gather together in groups of several thousand, losing the ability to distinguish one another. Each group of thetans gathered in one of the few remaining bodies that survived the explosion. This becomes what is known as thetans body, which is said to still be attached and harmful to everyone except Scientologists who have taken the necessary steps to remove it.
The government faction known as the Faithful Officer eventually overthrew Xenu and his lawyers, and locked him in an "electronic mountain trap" from which he did not escape. Although the location of Xenu is sometimes said to be the Pyrenees on Earth, this is actually a Hubbard location given elsewhere for the ancient "report station Mars". Teegeeack was later abandoned by the Galactic Confederation and remains a "prison planet" of pariah to this day, despite repeated attacks by alien "Attackers" ever since.
In 1988, the cost to learn these secrets from the Church of Scientology was Ã, Â £ 3,830, or US $ 6,500. This is in addition to the cost of previous courses required to qualify for OT III, which is often over US $ 100,000 (approximately £ 60,000). Confidence in Xenu and thetans body is a requirement for a Scientologist to progress further along Bridge to Total Freedom. Those who do not experience the benefits of the PL III course are expected to take it and pay it again.
Maps Xenu
Doctrine of Scientology
In Scientology, the story of Xenu is referred to as "The Wall of Fire" or "Incident II". Hubbard attaches great importance to it, saying that it is "the secret of a catastrophe that resulted in the decay of life as we know it in the sector of this galaxy". The outline of the story - that 75 million years ago a major disaster occurred in this sector of the galaxy that caused a very negative effect on everyone since then - told low-level Scientologists; but the details are kept secret, in Scientology.
The document PL III illustrates that Hubbard entered the Wall of Fire but came alive ("probably the only one who has done it in 75,000,000 years"). He first announced a "breakthrough" in Journal Ron 67 (RJ67 ), a recording of a lecture recorded on September 20, 1967, to be sent to all Scientologists. According to Hubbard, his research was achieved with the cost of broken backs, knees, and arms. OT III contains a warning that R6 implants are "counted for killing (by pneumonia etc.) Whoever tries to solve them". Hubbard claims that its "technological development" - that is. its PL material - has neutralized this threat, creating a secure path to redemption.
The Scientology Church prohibits individuals from reading Cosmogony III III Xenu without first taking prerequisite courses. Scientists warn that reading the Xenu story without proper permission can cause pneumonia.
In RJ67 , Hubbard then alludes to the destructive effects of the Xenu genocide:
And it is true that major disasters occur on this planet and on the other 75 planets that make up this Confederation 75 million years ago. Since then it has become a desert, and many have tried little to push the technology to a level where one can adventure ahead, pierce disaster, and cancel it. We are on our way to make this happen.
OT III also relates to Incident I , setting four quadrillion years ago. In the Incident I, the unsuspecting thetan was subjected to a loud snapping sound followed by a flood of luminescence, then saw a horse carriage followed by a panting horn. After a hard set is locked, thetan is overwhelmed with darkness. It is explained that the traumatic memories themselves separate the two from their static (natural, like god) state.
Hubbard uses the existence of this body to explain many of the physical and mental diseases of humanity which, he said, prevents people from reaching their highest spiritual level. OT III told Scientology to locate bodies and free them from the effects of Incidents I and II. This was achieved in a solo audit, in which Scientology held both E-meter cans in one hand and posed the question as an auditor. The Scientologist is directed to find a group of thetans bodies, address it telepathically as a cluster, and take the first cluster, then each individual member, through Incident II, then Incident I if necessary. Hubbard warned that this was a genuine procedure, and that OT levels IV through VII were needed to continue to deal with one's body.
The Church of Scientology objected to the Xenu story used to paint Scientology as a science fiction fantasy (see Operation Room in the Scientology doctrine). Hubbard's statement about R6 implants has been a source of contention. Criticism and some Christians claim that Hubbard's statement of R6 proves that Scientology's doctrine is incompatible with Christianity, apart from the Church's opposite statement. In "Bantu", Hubbard says:
Everyone then proved to have been crucified, so do not think that it was this crucial accident, they found that this was applied. Somebody somewhere on the planet, around 600 BC, found some pieces of R6, and I do not know how they found it, either by watching a crazy person or something, but from then on they have used it and it became what is known as Christianity. The man on the Cross. There is no Christ. But the man on the cross is shown as Man.
The origin of the story
Hubbard wrote OT III in late 1966 and early 1967 in North Africa while en route to Las Palmas to join the Enchanter, the first ship of his personal Scientology fleet ("Sea Org"). (PL III says, "In December 1967 I knew someone had to jump," but the material was published before this.) He stressed that OT III is his own personal discovery.
Critics of Scientology have suggested that other factors may have worked. In a letter of time to his wife, Mary Sue, Hubbard said that, to help her research, she drank alcohol and took stimulants and depressants ("I drink lots of rum and pink and gray pop"). His assistant at the time, Virginia Downsborough, said that he had to stop him from a diet of drugs he had mastered. Russell Miller argues in the face-to-face Messiah that it is important for Hubbard to be found in a weak condition, thus presenting OT III as "an enormous research achievement".
Xenu story elements appear in Scientology before OT III. Hubbard's description of the space conflict was put forward as early as 1950 in his book Have You Lived Before This Life? , and is enthusiastically supported by Scientologists who documented their past lives on other planets.
The effect of OT III on Scientology
The 1968 and subsequent reprints of Dianetics have had a cover depicting an exploding volcano, which reported a reference to PL III. In a lecture in 1968, and in instructions to his marketing staff, Hubbard explained that these images would "lock in" the submerged memories of Incident II and encourage people to buy books.
A special 'Book Mission' sent to promote these books, is now empowered and made unbearable by the addition of these extraordinary symbols or images. Organizational staff believe that if they just pick up one of the books, reveal the cover, that the bookstore owner will immediately order the crateload from them. A customs officer, seeing one of the book covers in someone's luggage, would pass right away.
Since the 1980s, volcanoes have also been portrayed in television advertisements advertising Dynamics. Scientology's "Sea Org", an elite group inside the church originating from Hubbard's private staff on board his fleet, takes many symbols from the story of Xenu and OT III. Explicitly intended to be the resurrection of "Loyal Officials" who overthrew Xenu. The logo, a wreath with 26 leaves, represents 26 stars of Xenu Galaxy Conflicts. According to the official Scientology dictionary, "the Sea Org symbol, adopted and used as a symbol of the Galactic Confederation which is far behind the history of this sector, gains the power and authority of the association."
In Org Advanced in Edinburgh and Los Angeles, Scientology staff were once ordered to wear white uniforms with silver shoes, to mimic Xenu's Galactic Patrol as depicted on the cover of my Science of Science: Science. This was reportedly done on the basis of Hubbard's declaration in the Order of Flag 652 that humanity will accept the rules of that group that have betrayed it last - thereby imitating Xenu's henchmen. In Los Angeles, a curfew is ordered to watch the spacecraft return.
Name
The names have been spelled as both Xenu and Xemu . The Class VIII course material includes a three-page text, handwritten by Hubbard, entitled "Data", in which Xenu's story is given in detail. Unclear Hubbard's writing makes spelling possible, especially since the use of the name on the first page of OT III is the only example of a name known in the handwriting. In an "Assist" lecture, Hubbard talked about "Xenu, ahhh, spelled X-E-M-U" and clearly said "Xemu" several times on the recording. The treatment of Rebellion in the Stars - is typed - using Xenu exclusively.
It is speculated that the name came from Xemnu, a space comic book villain who first appeared in the story "I Was a Slave of the Living Hulk!" in Journey to Mystery # 62 (November 1960). He was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. Xemnu is a giant, hairy intergalactic villain who escapes from planetary prison, travels to Earth, and hypnotizes the entire human population. After Xemnu's defeat by electrician Joe Harper, Xemnu was imprisoned in a state of continuous electric shock in orbit around the sun, and humanity was left without the memory of Xemnu's existence.
Church of Scientology position
In its public statements, the Church of Scientology is reluctant to allow the mention of Xenu. A statement released by a court judge in 1997 prompted the Church's lawyers to have a sealed verdict, even though this was reversed. In the relatively few instances in which he has admitted Xenu, Scientology has stated that the true meaning of the story can only be understood after years of study. They complain that critics use it to paint religion as science fiction fantasies.
Senior members of the Church of Scientology have several times publicly denied or minimized the importance of the Xenu story, but others have affirmed its existence. In 1995, Scientology lawyer Earl Cooley hinted at the importance of Xenu in Scientology's doctrine by stating that "thousands of articles are written about Coca-Cola, and they do not print formulas for Coca-Cola". Scientology has many levels that can be skipped. Many who live downstairs in the church are unaware of much of the Xenu story first revealed on Operation Thetan level three, or "OT III". Since the information provided to members is kept secret from others who have not reached that level, members must openly deny their whereabouts when requested. The PL III recipients must sign an agreement that promises never to disclose the contents before they are given a manila envelope containing Xenu's knowledge. Knowledge is very dangerous, members are told, that anyone who studies this material before he is ready to be exposed to pneumonia.
The Director of the Center for the Technology of Religion, Warren McShane, testified in a 1995 court case that the Church of Scientology received a substantial amount of its income from a regular donation paid by Scientologists to study PL materials. McShane said Hubbard's work "may seem strange" to those who have not completed the previous course level in Scientology. McShane said the story was never a secret, although it retained the trade secrets contained in OT III. McShane discusses the details of the story at length and specifically links the story with Hubbard.
When John Carmichael, president of New York's Scientology Church, was asked about the Xenu story, he said, as reported in the September 9, 2007 issue of The Daily Telegraph: That's not what we believe. "When asked directly about Xenu's story by Ted Koppel on ABC < i> Nightline , Scientology leader David Miscavige said that he took Hubbard things out of context, but in a 2006 interview with Rolling Stone, Mike Rinder, director of the Church's Special Affairs Office , saying that "This is not a story , it is a level audit", when asked about the validity of the Xenu story.
In the BBC's Panorama program broadcast on May 14, 2007, senior Scientology Tommy Davis interjects when celebrity members are asked about Xenu, saying: "None of us know what you are talking about. " In March 2009, Davis was interviewed by investigative journalist Nathan Baca for KESQ-TV and was asked again about PL III texts. Davis told Read "I am familiar with matter," and called it "the Church's secret book". In an interview on ABC News Nightline , October 23, 2009, Davis came out of the scene when Martin Bashir asked him about Xenu. He told Bashir, "Martin, I'm not going to discuss the disgusting irregularities of Scientology beliefs that can be found now in general on the internet and put in talking positions about things, talking about things that are very offensive to Scientologists to discuss... It violates my religious beliefs to talk about them. "When Bashir repeated the question about Xenu, Davis took off his microphone and left the set.
In November 2009, the representative of New Scientology Church in New Zealand, Mike Ferris, was asked in a radio interview about Xenu. The radio host asked, "So what you say is, Xenu is a part of religion, but something you do not want to talk about". Ferris replied, "Sure." Ferris admits that Xenu "is part of Scientology's esoteric".
Leaking story
Despite the Church of Scientology's efforts to keep the story secret, details have been leaked for years. OT III was first revealed in Robert Kaufman's 1972 book Inside Scientology, in which Kaufman detailed his own experience of PL III. It was later described in a Clearwater article 1981, and became publicly popular in a 1985 court case filed against Scientology by Lawrence Wollersheim. The Church fails to have sealed documents and attempts to keep the case files checked by the reader at all times, but the story is summarized in the Los Angeles Times and specified in William Poundstone Bigger Secrets (1986) of the information presented in the Wollersheim case. In 1987, a book by L. Ron Hubbard Jr., L. Ron Hubbard: Messiah or Madman? quotes the first page of OT III and summarizes the rest of the contents.
Since then, the news media has mentioned Xenu in the coverage of Scientology or celebrity supporters like Tom Cruise. In 1987, the BBC's investigation series Panorama aired a report entitled "The Road to Total Freedom?" which features an outline of the story of PL III in cartoon form.
On December 24, 1994, the Xenu story was published on the Internet for the first time in a post to the usenet alt.religion.scientology group, via an anonymous remailer. This led to an online battle between lawyers and critics of the Church of Scientology. Old versions of the OT I to VII levels were brought in as exhibits attached to statements by Steven Fishman on April 9, 1993, as part of the Church of Scientology International v. Fishman and Geertz . The text of this declaration and exhibition, collectively known as Fishman Affidavit, was published on the Internet newsgroup alt.religion.scientology in August 1995 by Arnie Lerma and on the World Wide Web by David S. Touretzky. This is the subject of great controversy and legal battles over the years. There was a copyright raid on Lerma's house (leading to a massive mirroring of documents) and a lawsuit against Dutch writer Karin Spaink - a Church who filed a lawsuit based on copyright infringement to reproduce the source material, and also claimed that re-bookings would reveal trade secrets.
The efforts of the Church of Scientology to keep Xenu kept secret have been cited in court findings against him. In September 2003, a Dutch court, in a ruling in the case against Karin Spaink, stated that one goal in keeping OT II and OT III was to hold power over members of the Church of Scientology and prevent discussion of its teachings and practices:
Despite his claims that the early revelation of the story of PL III was deadly, L. Ron Hubbard wrote a version of the scenario under the title "Rebellion in the Stars of the 1970s. It reveals that Xenu has been aided by a creature named Chi ("Minister of Galactic of Police") and Chu ("Executive President of Galactic Bank Antarplanet"). It has not been officially published, though the treatment was circulating around Hollywood in the early 1980s. Unofficial copy of scenario circulating on the Internet.
On March 10, 2001, users posted OT3 text to the Slashdot online community. Site owners noted comments after the Church of Scientology issued a legal notice under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Critics of the Church of Scientology have used public protests to spread Xenu's secret. This includes creating websites with "xenu" in domain names, and displaying Xenu names on banners, and protest signs.
In popular culture
Xenu story version has appeared on both television shows and stage production. The Off-Broadway satirical musical A Very Merry Unauthorized Children's Scientology Pageant, first staged in 2003 and winner of the Obie Award in 2004, featuring children in alien costumes that tell the story of Xenu.
Xenu's story re-insinuated in the November 2005 episode of the Comedy Central animated television series South Park titled "Caught in the Wardrobe". Emmy-nominated episodes, which also raved Scientologists Tom Cruise and John Travolta as closed homosexuals, portray Xenu as a vaguely humanoid alien with tentacles for weapons, in a sequence that has the words "This Is What Scientologists Actually Believe" superimposed on the screen. The episode became the subject of controversy when musician Isaac Hayes, the voice of the character "Chef" and a Scientologist, came out of the show in March 2006, just before the premiere of the scheduled first episode, quoting South Park ' s "inappropriate taunts" from his religion. Hayes' statement does not mention the episode in particular, but expressed his view that the custom of parodeling events is part of "an increased insensitivity to personal spiritual belief" in the media which is also reflected in the controversial cartoon of Muhammad: "There is a place in the world for satire, but there comes a time when the end of satire and intolerance and bigotry against other people's religious beliefs begin. "Responding to Hayes's statement, South Park's Creator with South Park Matt Stone said his resignation" has nothing to do with intolerance and bigotry and everything to do with the fact that Isaac Hayes is a Scientologist and that we recently presented Scientology in an episode of South Park... In the 10 years and over 150 episodes of South Park, Isaac has never had a problem with the show mocking Christians, Muslims, Mormon and Jew.He suddenly had a case of religious sensitivity when is the religion shown on the show. Of course we will release Isaac from his contract and we hope he is fine. "Comedy Central canceled the repetition with a short notice, choosing instead to filter out two episodes featuring Hayes, a spokesman said that" given the events earlier this week, we wanted to give Chef a worthy tribute by airing the two most familiar episodes. " repeated episodes on July 19, 2006. Stone and South Park co-creator Trey Parker feels that the owner of Comedy Central's Viacom has canceled the repetition because of the upcoming release of Tom Cruise's Mission: Impossible III > by Paramount, another Viacom company: "I only know what we were told, that people involved with MI3 want this episode broadcast and that is why Comedy Central has to do it. I do not know why it can be pulled. "
Comment
Writing in the book Scientology published by Oxford University Press, contributor Mikael Rothstein observes that, "To my knowledge there is no real analysis of Xenu mythology from Scientology has appeared in scientific publications The most calm and enlightening text on mythical Xenu probably an article on Wikipedia (English version) and, even if briefly, by Andreas GrÃÆ'¼nschloss on Scientology in Lewis (2000: 266-268). "Rothstein puts Xenu's text by L. Ron Hubbard in the context of the creation myth in the Scientology methodology, and characterizes it as "one of the more important religious narratives of Scientology, a text that seems to be the fundamental (sometimes implicit) mythology of the motion, Xenu myth, which is essentially a story about the origin of man on Earth and human condition. "Rothstein describes the phenomenon in a system of beliefs inspired by science fiction, and notes that" the myth of Xenu,.. in the form of anthropogony inspired by science fiction, explain the basic Scientology claims about the human condition. "
Andreas GrÃÆ'¼nschloÃÆ'Ÿ analyzes the Xenu text in the Oxford Handbook of the New Religious Movement , in the context of a discussion of the UFO religion. He characterized the text as "the secret mythology of Scientology (contained primarily in the teachings of PL III)". GrÃÆ'¼nschloÃÆ'Ÿ indicates that L. Ron Hubbard, "also wrote a science fiction called the Rebellion in the Stars, where he presented this mysterious story about the ancient ruler of Xenu in the form of an ordinary science fiction novel." GrÃÆ'¼nschloÃÆ'Ÿ argues, "because of the relationship between some motifs in Hubbard's novel and specific Scientology teachings, one might regard Scientology as one of the rare instances in which science fiction (or general fantasy literature) is associated with the creation of a new, successful spiritual movement." a mixture of two genres of Hubbard science fiction and the creation myth of Scientology, GrÃÆ'¼nschloÃÆ'Ÿ writes, "Although the science fiction novel is a different genre than any other 'techno-logical' expression from Hubbard, they are greatly appreciated by the participants, and Hubbard's literary output in the realm this (including the latest film, Battlefield Earth ) is also well promoted by the organization. "Writing in the book UFO Religion edited by Christopher Partridge, GrÃÆ'¼nschloÃÆ'Ÿ observes," enthusiasm for ufology and science fiction is cultivated in the formative phase of Scientology.Indeed, even a very mysterious story from the Xenu intergalactic ruler... associated with Hubbard in a simple science fiction novel style ".
Some authors have pointed out the structural similarities between the Xenu story and the mythology of gnosticism. James A. Herrick, writing about the text of Xenu in the Creation of a New Spirituality: Eclipse of the Western Religion Tradition, notes that "Hubbard's gnostic tendency is evident in his account of the origin of humans... At Hubbard, ideas which was first expressed in science fiction is seamlessly transformed into a worldwide religion with an affinity for gnosticism. "Mary Farrell Bednarowski, writing in American Alternative Religion, also states that Xenu's mythological outline is" not entirely alien to historians familiar with ancient gnosticism ", noting that many other religious traditions have the practice of storing certain texts to high-level initiates. Nevertheless, he wrote, Xenu's story aroused suspicion in society about Scientology and added fuel to "the claim that Hubbard's system is a product of his creativity as a science fiction writer rather than a theologian."
Writers Michael McDowell and Nathan Robert Brown discuss the misconceptions about the Xenu text in their book World Religions at Your Fingertips, and observe, "Perhaps the most controversial, misunderstood, and often misunderstood part of the Scientology religion should do with Scientology mythology commonly referred to as Legend Xenu While this story has now been proven as part of religion (despite the fact that church representatives often deny its existence), the real role of the story in Scientology is often misunderstood by its critics as proof that they 'believe in alien parasites.' Although the story may seem strange, it is not true. "The authors wrote that" This story is actually meant to be a working myth, illustrating Scientology's belief that humans at one time were spiritual beings, which exist at an infinite level of intergalactic and interdimensional reality At some point, the beings we once became trapped in physical reality (where we remain today) should be the message that underlies the story of Xenu, not that humans are "possessed by aliens." McDowell and Brown conclude that a misunderstanding that does not "Such rude statements are the reason why many Scientologists are now getting very offended even when Xenu mentions nonmembers."
Lawyers are free to talk Mike Godwin analyzes the actions by the Scientology organization to protect and keep Xenu text secrets, in a discussion in his book Cyber ​​Rights regarding the enforcement of trade secret laws on the Internet. Godwin explains, "trade secrets legislation protects the information itself, not just its particular expression." Trade secret laws, unlike copyrights, can protect ideas and facts directly. " He asks the question, "But does matter really qualify as a 'trade secret'? Among the material the church has been trying to suppress is what might be called 'Scientology genesis mythology': a story about a galactic gyre named Xenu who decided 75 million last year to kill a group of people by taking them to the volcano and dropping nuclear bombs on them. "Godwin asked," Does 'church' usually have a 'competitor' in the sense of trade secrets? If Catholics get the full facts about Xenu, does this mean they will get more market share? " He commented on the ability of the Scientology organization to use the law to hold its secret text, "It seems, given what we know about the case now, even a combination of copyright law and secret trade will not achieve what the church wants to achieve: total oppression of the dissemination of documents or the doctrine of the church. "The authors conclude," But the fact that the church could not have achieved a complete legal victory in its cases does not mean that they will not file a lawsuit.It is undeniable that only litigation threats, or actual litigation fees, which the legal theories themselves are not: the effective silencing of many church critics. "
See also
- Incident (Scientology)
Note
References
External links
- "OT III Released" in online edition What is Scientology
- PL III Scholarship Page (David S. Touretzky, including page scans, comments, audio files)
- The Uprising in The Stars summary (Grady Ward)
- Xenu Leaflet (Roland Rashleigh-Berry)
- The Fishman Affidavit: OT III (extract and synopsis by Karin Spaink)
- Scientific Examination of OT III (Peter Forde, June 1996) Claim on Xenu evaluated against scientific geology
- A research essay describing OT3 as drug-induced hallucinogen- tion posted to alt.religion.scientology on March 29, 1996 by Prignillius
- "The History of Xenu, As Explained By L. Ron Hubbard In 8 Minutes" (Gawker.com) Extract from the lecture "Assist" October 3, 1968
- Scientology and Christianity Examined
- Testimony under oath (pp274-275) from Robert Vaughn Young at RTC v. FactNet , Civil Action No. 95B2143, United States Court, Denver, Colorado, 11 September 1995
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments