San Antonio

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San Antonio ( Spanish for "Saint Anthony"), officially San Antonio City, is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second most populous city in Texas and the United States of America. Founded as a Spanish mission and colonial post in 1718, the city became the first civilian settlement in Texas in 1731, making it the oldest city in the state. The history of the city contrasts with its rapid growth: it is the fastest growing city of the top ten cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the second from 1990 to 2000. It straddles the regional gap between South and Central Texas, San Antonio anchoring angle southwest of the megaregion city known as the "Texas Triangle".

San Antonio serves as the center of Bexar County. The recent annexation has extended the city limits to Medina County and, to a small area near the town of Garden Ridge, to Comal County. Since San Antonio was founded during the Spanish Colonial Era, it has a church (San Fernando Cathedral) at its center, in the main civic square in front, characteristic of many established Spanish and Latin American cities, towns and villages. Like many other Western urban centers, areas outside the city limits are sparsely populated.

San Antonio is the center of the San Antonio-New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area. Commonly called the Greater San Antonio, the metro area has a population of 2,473,974 based on the US Census 2017 estimate, making it the 24th largest metropolitan area in the United States and the third largest in Texas. Growth along Interstate 35 and Interstate 10 corridors to the north, west and east make it likely that the metropolitan area will continue to grow.

San Antonio is named by the Spanish expedition 1691 to Saint Anthony of Padua, whose feast is June 13. The city contains five Spanish border missions of the 18th century, including The Alamo and the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, which are jointly designated as UNESCO. World Heritage Sites 2015. Other famous attractions include River Walk, American Tower, SeaWorld, Alamo Bowl, and Wedding Island. Commercial entertainment includes Six Flags Fiesta Texas and Wonderland amusement park in Morgan. According to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau, the city is visited by some 32 million tourists each year. It is home to five-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs, and hosts the San Antonio Stock Show & amp; Rodeo, one of the biggest events in the country.

The US armed forces have many facilities in and around San Antonio; Fort Sam Houston is the only one in the city limits. Lackland Air Force Base, Randolph Air Force Base, Lackland AFB/Kelly Field Annex, Camp Bullis, and Camp Stanley are out of the city limits. Kelly Air Force Base operated outside San Antonio until 2001, when the airfield was transferred to Lackland AFB. The remaining parts of the base were developed as Port San Antonio, an industrial park/business and aerospace complex. San Antonio is home to six Fortune 500 companies and the South Texas Medical Center, the only research and medical care provider in the South Texas region.

Video San Antonio

Histori

At a European meeting, the Indian Payaya live near the San Antonio River Valley in the San Pedro Springs area. They call about Yanaguana , which means "refreshing water". In 1691, a group of Spanish Catholic explorers and missionaries came to the rivers and settlements of Payaya on June 13, the feast of St. Antonius from Padua. They named the place and the river "San Antonio" in his honor.

That was the year before the Spanish settlement took place. Father Antonio de Olivares visited the site in 1709, and he was determined to establish a mission and civil settlement there. The Young King gave formal approval for the joint mission and presidio at the end of 1716, as he wanted to prevent any French expansion into the area from their colony of La Louisiane eastward, as well as to prevent illegal trade with Payaya. He directed MartÃÆ'n de AlarcÃÆ'³n, governor of Coahuila and Texas, to establish a mission complex. The difference between AlarcÃÆ'³n and Olivares resulted in delays, and construction did not begin until 1718. Fray Antonio de Olivares was built, with the help of the Indian Payaya, Mission de San Antonio de Valero (Alamo), Presidio of San Antonio de Bexar, the bridge connecting both, and Acequia Madre de Valero.

Families gathered around presidio and mission form the beginning of a bottle of Villa de BÃ © Ã… ©, which is destined to become the most important city in Spain, Texas. On May 1, the governor transferred ownership of the Mission San Antonio de Valero (later renowned as Alamo) to Fray Antonio de Olivares. On May 5, 1718 he commissioned the Presidio San Antonio de BÃ © Ã… © xar ("BÃÆ'Â jar" in modern Spanish orthography) on the west side of the San Antonio River, a quarter league of the mission.

On February 14, 1719, the Marquis of San Miguel de Aguayo proposed to the Spanish king that 400 families were transported from the Canary Islands, Galicia, or Havana to fill the province of Texas. The plan is approved, and notices are given Canary Islanders ( isleÃÆ' Â ± os ) to complete 200 families; The Council of the Indies suggested that 400 families be sent from Canary to Texas via Havana and Veracruz. In June 1730, 25 families had reached Cuba, and 10 families had been sent to Veracruz before orders from Spain came to stop resettlement.

Under the leadership of Juan Leal Goraz, the group moved ashore from Veracruz to Presidio San Antonio de BÃ © Ã… © xar, where they arrived on March 9, 1731. Due to weddings along the way, the party now involves 15 families, a total of 56 people. They joined the military community founded in 1718. The immigrants formed the core of the villa of San Fernando de BÃ © Ã… © xar, the first regular civilian government in Texas. Several old San Antonio families trace their offspring from the Canary Island colony. MarÃÆ'a Rosa PadrÃÆ'³n is the first baby born of Canary Islander descent in San Antonio.

During the settlement of Mexicans in the lands of the Southwest, which occurred during the next century, Juan Leal Goraz Jr. is a leading figure. He claims nearly 100,000 square miles (153,766 acres) as a territory of Spain and holds control for nearly three decades: this area stretches across six countries today. San Antonio is appointed as the capital of Leal Goraz. It represents Mexico's expansion into the area. With his powerful military forces, he led exploration and set up a Spanish colonial base as far as San Francisco, California. A widespread bankruptcy forces Leal Goraz Jr. forces. back to the limits of Mexico today; they fall into internal conflict and turmoil with neighboring entities.

San Antonio grew into the largest Spanish settlement in Texas; it was designated as the capital of Spain, then Mexico, Tejas province. From San Antonio, Camino Real (now Nacogdoches Road), built in the small town of Nacogdoches border. Mexico allows European-American settlers from the United States into the territory; they mostly occupy land in the east. When Antonio LÃÆ'³pez de Santa Anna unilaterally abolished the Mexican Constitution of 1824, violence occurred in many Mexican states.

In a series of battles, the Tex Army managed to force Mexican troops out of the eastern settlements of San Antonio, dominated by Americans. Under the leadership of Ben Milam, in the Battle of Bexar, in December 1835, Texas troops seized San Antonio from troops ordered by General Martin Perfecto de Cos, brother-in-law of Santa Anna. In the spring of 1836, Santa Anna lined up in San Antonio. A volunteer team under command of James C. Neill occupied and fortified the quiet mission.

After his departure, the joint command of William Barrett Travis and James Bowie was left in charge of defending the old mission. The Battle of the Alamo lasted from February 23 to March 6, 1836. The defeated Texas troops were eventually defeated, with all the defenders of the Alamo killed. These people were seen as "martyrs" for the cause of Texas freedom and "Remember the Alamo" became the cry of the late Texas Navy's success in defeating the Santa Anna army.

Juan SeguÃÆ'n, who organized the patriot company Tejano, who fought for Texas independence, fought at the Battle of Concepción, the Bexar Siege, and the Battle of San Jacinto, and served as mayor of San Antonio. He was forced out of the office, because of the threat to his life, by sectarian newcomers and political opponents in 1842, became the last mayor of Tejano for nearly 150 years.

In 1845, the United States finally decided to annex Texas and enter it as a state in the Union. This led to the Mexican-American War. Although the US finally won, the war destroyed San Antonio. In the end, the city's population has decreased by almost two-thirds, to 800 inhabitants. Supported by migrants and immigrants, in 1860 at the beginning of the Civil War, San Antonio has grown into a city with 15,000 people.

Post Civil War to present

After the Civil War, San Antonio prospered as a center for livestock industry. During this period, it remained a border town, with a mix of cultures different from other US cities. In the 1850s Frederick Law Olmsted, the landscape architect who designed Central Park in New York City, traveled throughout the South and Southwest, and published his observational reports. In his 1859 book on Texas, Olmsted describes San Antonio as having "a pile of races, costumes, languages, and buildings", giving it a quality that New Orleans can rival only in what it describes as "strange and ancient peculiarities."

In 1877, after the Reconstruction Era, developers built the first railroad to San Antonio, connecting it with major markets and port cities. Texas is the first country to have large cities developed by railways rather than waterways. In Texas, the railroads support the very different patterns of major cities, such as San Antonio, Dallas, and Fort Worth, as compared to the historical development of coastal port cities in the eastern states.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the streets of downtown city expanded to accommodate the street cars and modern traffic. At that time, many older historic buildings were destroyed in this modernization process.

Since the end of the 20th century, San Antonio has a stable population growth. The city's population has almost doubled in 35 years, from just over 650,000 in the 1970 census to about 1.2 million in 2005, both through population growth and land grabbing (which has greatly enlarged the city's physical area). In 1990, the US Census Bureau reported the San Antonio population as 55.6% Hispanic, 7.0% black, and 36.2% non-Hispanic whites.

The San Antonio Mission is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site (2015) and the city is designated as UNESCO City of Creativity for Gastronomy in 2017, one of only 26 gastronomic creative cities in the world.

Maps San Antonio

Geography

San Antonio approaches 29.5 Â ° LU 98.5 Â ° W. It is about 75 miles (121 km) southwest of its neighboring city of Austin, the state capital, about 190 miles (310 km) west of Houston, and about 250 miles (400 km) south of the Dallas-Fort Worth area. According to the US Census Bureau, in 2000 the city has a total area of ​​412.07 square miles (1,067.3 km ² ) - 407.56 square miles (1,055.6 km ² ) (98.9%) of soil and 4.51 square miles (11.7 km ² ) (1.1%) of water. It is located on the slopes of Balcones Mountain. The altitude is 772 feet (235 m) above sea level.

The main source of urban drinking water is Edwards Aquifer. Confiscated in 1962 and 1969, respectively, Lake Victor Braunig and Calaveras Lake were among the first reservoirs in the country built to use recycled wastewater for cooling power plants, reducing the amount of groundwater needed for power generation.

Nearby Areas

Climate and vegetation

San Antonio has a humid subtropical climate (KÃÆ'¶ppen: Cfa), featuring very hot, long, humid summers and mild to cool winters. This area is subject to the cold northern frontline in winter with cold and cold nights, and warm and rainy spring and fall.

San Antonio receives about a dozen subfreezing nights each year, usually seeing snow, hail, or ice about once every two or three winters, but the accumulation and snow itself is very rare. Winter can pass without freezing rain at all, and until a decade has passed between the snow. According to the National Weather Service, there have been 32 snowfall events (footprint or more) in the city in the last 122 years, about once every four years. The recent snow was seen on December 7, 2017, when 1.9 inches (5 cm) of snow blanketed the city. On January 13, 1985, San Antonio received a 16-inch (41 cm) snow record.

San Antonio and New Braunfels, 40 miles (64 km) to the northeast, are some of the most flood-prone areas in North America. The flood of Central Texas in October 1998 was one of the most expensive floods in US history, resulting in $ 750 million in damages and 32 deaths. In 2002, from 30 June to 7 July, 35 in (890 mm) rain fell in the San Antonio area, resulting in widespread flooding and 12 deaths.

Tornadoes within city limits have been reported recently in February 2017, though rare. F2 tornadoes reach 50 miles (80 km) from the city on average every five years. San Antonio has experienced two F4 tornadoes, one in 1953 and another in 1973. The 1953 tornado resulted in two deaths and 15 injuries.

In San Antonio, July and August ties for the hottest months on average, with an average high of 95 Â ° F (35 Â ° C). The highest temperature ever recorded was 111Ã, Â ° F (44Ã, Â ° C) on September 5, 2000. The coolest month on average was January. The lowest recorded temperature was 0 Â ° F (-18 Â ° C) on January 31, 1949. May, June, and October have little precipitation. Since recording began in 1871, the average annual rainfall was 29.03 inches (737 mm), with a maximum of 52.28 inches (1.328 mm) and a minimum of 10.11 inches (256.8 mm) in one year.

Natural vegetation in the San Antonio area (where not disturbed by development) includes oak-cedar woodlands, savanna oak, chaparral brushes and forest riparians. San Antonio is at the westernmost boundary for both palmetto cabbage ( Sabal palmetto ) and Spanish moss.

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Demographics

2010

According to the US Census 2010, 1,327,407 people live in the city right in San Antonio, up 16.0% since 2000.

The racial composition of the city based on the US Census 2010 is as follows:

• 72.6% White (Non-Hispanic White Leather: 26.6%)
• 6.9% Black
• 0.9% Native Americans
• 2.4% Asia
• 0.1% Indigenous Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
• 3.4% Two or more races
• 13.7% Other races

In addition, 63.2% of the city's population comes from Hispanic or Latino, from any race.

2000

According to the 2000 US Census, the city has a population of 1,144,646, making it the 9th largest city in the country. Due to San Antonio's low density and significant lack of metropolitan populations outside the city limits, the metropolitan area is only ranked 30th in the US with a population of 1,592,383. San Antonio has a large Hispanic population with significant African American populations.

Subsequent population numbers, however, show continued rapid growth in the area. As stated above, the 2010 US Census shows the city's population at 1,327,407, making it the second most populous city in Texas (after Houston), as well as the seventh-most populous city in the United States. The 2011 US Census Estimate for the eight-county urban area San Antonio-New Braunfels places its population at 2,194,927, making it the third largest metro area in Texas (after the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston Metropolitan Area) 24th most populous metro in the US. The metropolitan area is bordered by the northeast by Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos , and the two metropolitan areas join together to form an area of ​​over 4.1 million people.

About 405,474 households and 280,993 families live in San Antonio. Population density is 2,808.5 people per square mile (1,084.4 km ² ). There are 433,122 housing units with an average density of 1,062.7 per square mile (410.3 km ² ).

The urban density was distributed 28.5% below the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% 65 years old or more. The average age is 32 years. In San Antonio, 48% of the population is male, and 52% of the population is female. For every 100 women, there are 93.5 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 89.7 men.

The average income for households in the city is $ 36,214, and the average income for families is $ 53,100. Men have an average income of $ 30,061 versus $ 24,444 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 17,487. About 17.3% of the population and 14.0% of families are below the poverty line. Of the total population, 24.3% of those under the age of 18 and 13.5% of those aged 65 and older live below the poverty line.

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Economy

San Antonio has a diversified economy with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of about $ 96.8 billion. It ranks fourth city in Texas and 38 in the United States. The San Antonio economy focuses primarily on military, health care, government-civil service, financial services, oil and gas, and tourism. In the last twenty years, the city has become a significant location for call centers based in America and has added a sizable manufacturing sector centered around the car.

Located about 10 miles northwest of Downtown is the South Texas Medical Center, a conglomerate of hospitals, clinics, and research (see Southwest Research Institute and Texas Biomedical Research Institute) and higher education institutions.

More than twenty million tourists visit the city and its attractions every year, making a major contribution to the economy, mainly because of Alamo and River Walk. The Convention Center of Henry B. Gonzalez alone hosts over 300 events annually with over 750,000 convention delegates from around the world. Tourism provides more than 130,000 jobs, and it has an economic impact of $ 13.6 billion in the local economy. The city of San Antonio received $ 195 million in the same year from the hospitality industry, with revenues from hotel occupancy taxes, sales taxes, and others.

San Antonio is the headquarters of six Fortune 500 companies: Valero Energy, Andeavor (formerly Tesoro Corp.), USAA, iHeartMedia, NuStar Energy, and CST Brands, Inc. HEB, the 13th largest private company in the US is also based in San Antonio. Other companies headquartered in the city include Bill Miller Bar-BQ Enterprises, Carenet Health Services, Federal Security Credit Union Services, Visionworks of America, Frost Bank, Harte-Hanks, Kinetic Concepts, SWBC, NewTek, Rackspace, Taco Cabana, Broadway Banks, Zachry Holdings/Zachry Construction Companies, Randolph-Brooks Federal Credit Union, SWBC, SAS, and Whataburger. The North American Development Bank, a development agency jointly organized by the US and Mexican governments, is headquartered in San Antonio as well. Other leading companies that maintain significant presence in the city include Hulu, OCI, Kaco New Energy, Silver Spring Networks, Toyota, Argo Group, EOG Resources, Microsoft, Cogeco Peer1 and Boeing.

In 2015, San Antonio ranked No. 1. 50 by Forbes magazine on the list of the Best Places for Business and Career, while listed as the 15th best market for job growth.

Military installations

The city is home to one of the largest concentrations of military bases in the US, and has been dubbed Military City, USA. The city is home to several active military installations: Lackland Air Force Base, Brooke Army Medical Center, Randolph Air Force Base, and Fort Sam Houston. The defense industry in San Antonio employs over 89,000 and has a $ 5.25 billion impact on the city's economy.

Relocation loss

San Antonio has lost several corporate headquarters, the biggest is 2008 AT & amp; T Inc. to Dallas "to serve customers better and expand business in the future." In 1997, Titan Holdings and USLD Communications have sold their operations to large companies. After buying specialists in Los Angeles bought Builders Square, the company's operations were moved from San Antonio.

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Culture

Attractions

San Antonio is a popular tourist destination.

The Alamo Mission in San Antonio ("Alamo"), located in Downtown, is a major tourist attraction in Texas. Because of the mission, San Antonio is often called "Alamo City".

The River Walk, which meanders through the Downtown area, is the most visited tourist attraction in the city, giving it the additional nickname "River City." Extended 13 additional miles between 2009-2013, beautiful walking and cycling trails along the San Antonio River from the "Reach Museum" that begins in Brackenridge Park through downtown, "Downtown Reach", passes the "Eagleland" Blue Star to "Mission" Reach "ends near the Loop 410 South Past Mission Espada, lined with shops, bars and restaurants, and the Arneson River Theater, this attraction transforms into an impressive light festival during the Christmas and New Year holidays (except for Mission Reach), and overwhelmed by local sounds of folklorico and flamenco music during the summer, especially during celebrations such as Fiesta Noche del Rio.

The Downtown area also has the San Fernando Cathedral, the Majestic Theater, Hemisfair (home of the American Tower, and the Texan Institute of UTSA), La Villita, Market Square, Spanish Governor's Palace and the historic Menger Hotel. The Fairmount Hotel, built in 1906 and San Antonio's second oldest hotel, is on Guinness World Records as one of the heaviest buildings ever moved intact. It was placed at his new location, three blocks south of the Alamo, over four days in 1985, and cost $ 650,000 to move.

The city is home to two animal attractions. SeaWorld, 26 miles (26 km) west of Downtown in the city's Westover Hills district, is the number 3 attraction and one of the largest marine life parks in the world. The very popular and historic San Antonio Zoo is located in Brackenridge Park city. A third animal attraction is being developed by the British Merlin Entertainments company to accompany SeaWorld as a second aquarium attraction and indoor partner. The new attraction will be inside the Shops at Rivercenter in Downtown San Antonio and will become one of Sea Life Aquariums Merlin. Expected to open in summer 2018.

San Antonio is also home to several commercial amusement parks, including Six Flags Fiesta Texas, Splashtown and Morgan's Wonderland, a playground for children with special needs. Kiddie Park, featuring ancient amusement rides for children, was founded in 1925, and is America's oldest amusement park.

San Antonio is home to the first modern art museum in Texas, McNay Art Museum. Other art institutes and museums include ArtPace, Blue Star Contemporary Art Center, Briscoe Western Art Museum, Buckhorn Saloon & amp; The Museum (where visitors can experience something of the cowboy culture throughout the year), the San Antonio Museum of Art, formerly Brewery Lonestar, Say SÃÆ' (mentoring the artistic youth of San Antonio), the Western Art School, the Texas Rangers Museum, the Texas Transportation Museum, the Witte Museum and DoSeum. The outdoor view of North Star Mall features 40-foot (12 meters) cowboy boots.

Five municipal missions, four at the San Antonio Mission National Park Mission plus the Alamo, were named the UNESCO World Heritage Site on July 5, 2015. The San Antonio Mission became the 23rd US site on the World Heritage List, which includes the Grand Canyon and the Statue of Liberty. This is the first site in Texas. The Mission Reach of the River Walk was completed in 2013, and created more than 15 miles of biking, hiking, and rowing tracks that linked Mission to Downtown and Broadway Corridors.

Other points of interest include San Antonio Botanical Garden, Brackenridge Park, Japanese Tea Garden, Sunken Park Theater, Woodlawn Theater, and Majik Theater, children's education theater.

Pada tahun 2015, pekerjaan diizinkan untuk memulai pemulihan bekas hotel, spa, dan pemandian air panas di Sungai San Antonio di sisi selatan kota.

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Galeri foto

Perpustakaan digital

In the fall of 2013, Bexar County opened BiblioTech - Bexar County Digital Library, the country's first non-library library. It serves the city of San Antonio and Bexar County.

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Sports

Professional sports

The only top-level professional sports team in town, and consequently the most San Antonians team to follow, is the San Antonio Spurs from the National Basketball Association. Previously, Spurs played at Alamodome (which speculatively was built in an effort to lure professional football teams to the region), and before that HemisFair Arena. They moved to the SBC Center in 2002 (since renamed AT & amp; T Center), built with public funds.

AT & amp; T Center is also home to the San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League, owned by the Spurs organization. San Antonio is home to the San Antonio Double-A Mission that plays at Nelson Wolff Stadium and is a minor league affiliate of San Diego Padres.

San Antonio had a professional football franchise when San Antonio Thunder played two seasons in the original NASL during the 1975-1976 season. Professional football is back with the birth of the San Antonio Scorpions from the modern NASL in 2012. The Scorpions won the 2014 Soccer Bowl, the first soccer championship in the city's history. On December 22, 2015, it was announced that Toyota Field and S.T.A.R. The Football Complex is sold to San Antonio City and Bexar County, a deal that was accompanied by a deal for Spurs Sports and Entertainment to operate the facility and drive a team playing in United Soccer League. San Antonio FC began playing at a special soccer stadium, Toyota Field, in 2016. As a result, the San Antonio Scorpions franchise from the NASL was closed. San Antonio has two rugby union teams, the Alamo City Rugby Football Club, and the San Antonio Rugby Football Club.

The smaller populations of the San Antonio metropolitan area have so far contributed to the lack of NFL, MLB, NHL, or MLS teams. City officials are said to be trying to lure the National Football League permanently to San Antonio. Former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue declared San Antonio to host the New Orleans Saints, and that the city would be on the short list for any future NFL expansion. The city also hosts pre-season camps Dallas Cowboys and Houston Oilers in the past, and Cowboys trained in San Antonio until 2011. Cowboys owner Jerry Jones acknowledged his support for the city to be home to the NFL franchise.

The Valero Texas Open is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour held in San Antonio since 1922. It has been played on TPC San Antonio since 2010. Previous places include Brackenridge Park Golf Course, La Cantera Golf Club and Pecan Valley Golf Club; the latter also hosted the 1968 PGA Championship. The Alamo Ladies Classic was an LPGA Tour event held from 1960 to 1973.

The first Rising Phoenix World Championships are held at the Grand Hyatt, San Antonio in 2015.

College sports

The University of Texas at San Antonio heads NCAA's main NCAA Division I NCAA division, known as UTSA Roadrunners. The teams play in Conference USA. The university added football in 2011, hiring former Miami University coach Larry Coker as the initial head coach. Football Roadrunner started playing in 2011, with a 4-6 record. UTSA set attendance records for the highest attendance at the inaugural match (56,743) and the highest average attendance for the first year program (35,521). The Roadrunners moved to the Western Athletic Conference in 2012, and to the USA Conference in 2013. The University of the Incarnate Word also includes a full line of athletic teams of the NCAA Division I, known as Inkarnate Word Cardinals; However, their soccer team competes in the soccer championship division at the Southland Conference.

San Antonio hosts NCAA Alamo Bowl football every December, playing between Big XII and Pac-12 every December at Alamodome. The city is also home to the All-American Bowl of the US Army, which is played annually at Alamodome and broadcast live on NBC. The Bowl is an East versus West confrontation featuring 90 senior high school football players. The game features NFL stars Reggie Bush, Vince Young, Adrian Peterson, and many other college and NFL stars.

The University of Texas at San Antonio is the only male college rugby team in town. UTSA competed in the Division III Texas Rugby Union.

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Crime

Crimes in San Antonio began to increase in the early 1980s. In 1983 San Antonio had the tenth highest murder rate in Texas with 18.5 murders per 100,000 inhabitants. The number of adolescents arrested in San Antonio due to violent crime has tripled between 1987 and 1994, according to Texas Statistical Action and Statistical Management Program. The number of youths arrested for illegally carrying firearms doubled over the same period.

In 1993, San Antonio was nicknamed "Drive-By City" after the San Antonio Police Department recorded over 1,200 shootings from cars or nearly 3.5 per day. That number dwarfs numbers in other Texas cities, and unofficially marks San Antonio as the state capital. Although no part of the city is immune, most violence takes place on the East and West sides, especially where poverty extends. Gang members kill each other and innocent people to protect their territory and the interests of drug sales. Housing projects such as Alazan-Apache Courts, Cassiano Homes, East Terrace, and Wheatley Courts serve as centers for various groups, sometimes housing some rival gangs. By the end of 1993 the city reached a peak in homicide with 230 murders, the highest since 1991 when 211 were killed.

By 2016, the number of homicides reached 151, the highest number in 20 years. Most of the murder victims in San Antonio are Hispanic and African-American men between the ages of 18 and 29. 40% of the killings are drug-related or domestic incidents.

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Government

The city of San Antonio runs under the Council-Manager form of government. The city is divided into 10 district councils designed to have the same population. Each district elects one person to the City Council, with the mayor elected throughout the city. All members of the City Council, which includes the mayor, are elected for a two-year term and are limited to four terms (except for those who are in office in November 2008 and limited to a total of two terms). Houston and Laredo have the same time constraints as San Antonio. All positions are selected on a nonpartisan ballot, as required by Texas law. Board members paid $ 45,722 and the mayor generated $ 61,725 ​​a year. The current mayor is Ron Nirenberg, who was elected in 2017 with 54.59% of the vote.

The council employs a city manager to handle day-to-day operations. The Council functions effectively as a city legislature with city managers acting as chief executive, responsible for managing day-to-day operations and enforcement of council legislation. The current city manager is Sheryl Sculley.

The city operates its own electric and gas utility service, CPS Energy.

The San Antonio Police Department (SAPD) is the city's law enforcement agency.

The San Antonio Fire Department (SAFD) provides the city with fire protection and EMS services.

The city extends into several national congressional districts and is represented in Congress by:

• Senate
  • Ted Cruz (R)
  • John Cornyn (R)
• House of Representatives
  • Texas District 20: Joaquin Castro (D)
  • Texas District 21: Lamar Smith (R)
  • Texas District 23: Be Hurd (R)
  • Texas District 28: Henry Cuellar (D)
  • Texas District 35: Lloyd Doggett (D)
• The State Governor
  • Greg Abbott (R)

Growing policies

Unlike most major cities in the US, San Antonio is not entirely surrounded by independent suburban cities, and under the laws of the state of Texas it exercises extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) over much of the surrounding land, including major roadway planning and enforcing rules for platting and subdivisions. He pursued an aggressive annexation policy and opposed the formation of other municipalities within his ETJ. Almost three-quarters of the land area has been annexed since 1960.

In the 2000s, the city annexed several long narrow corridors along main roads in remote areas to facilitate the annexation of growth that occurred along the route. The city plans to annex nearly forty additional square miles in 2009. In May 2010, the city of San Antonio agreed to release thousands of hectares of land in its extraterritorial jurisdiction along Interstate 10 to Schertz. This agreement releases a total of 3,486 hectares (14.11 km ² ) from the ETJ land of San Antonio north of I-10 to Schertz. ETJ land is located in an area bounded by FM 1518 to the west, Lower Seguin Road to the north, Cibolo Creek to the east and I-10 to the south.

Unintentional annexation is a controversial issue in parts of unrelated Bexar County that are affected. Citizens attracted to remote areas with lower taxes and affordable real estate value often see annexation as a mechanism to increase property tax rates (which are mainly driven by school district taxes, not city taxes) without appropriate improvements in services such as police and fires. protection, while the city considers the annexation policy as important to its overall prosperity.

Because the City has annexed large amounts of land over time, San Antonio surrounds several independent enclaves, including Alamo Heights, Terrell Hills, Olmos Park, Hollywood Park, Hill Village Village, Castle Hill, Windcrest, Kirby, Balcones Heights and Shavano Park. This is not a San Antonio City district like Lincoln Heights and Brackenridge Park but the independent towns in the San Antonio area are completely surrounded, but not directly controlled, by the City of San Antonio.

State and federal representations

The Texas Criminal Justice Department (TDCJ) operates the headquarters of the Parole Division Liberation Division at San Antonio Metro Parole Complex. The San Antonio I and III district relief offices are on parole grounds, while office II is in another location.

The Texas Transportation Department operates the San Antonio District Office in San Antonio.

The United States Postal Service operates the San Antonio Main Post Office. Other post offices are located throughout San Antonio.

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Education

San Antonio has more than 100,000 students in 31 high educational institutions. Publicly supported schools include UT Health San Antonio, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Texas A & amp; M University-San Antonio, and Alamo Community College District. UTSA is the largest university in San Antonio.

Private universities include Trinity University, St. John's University Mary, Our Lady of the Lake University, University of Incarnate Word, Webster University, Baptist University of the AmÃÆ'Â © ricas, Hallmark University, Oblat School of Theology, and School of the Southwest Art, which enrolled its first BFA classes in 2014. Public Library San Antonio serves all these agencies along with 19 independent school districts in the Bexar County/San Antonio metropolitan area.

The city has more than 30 private schools and charter schools. These schools include: Keystone School, St. Gerard Catholic High School, Central Catholic High School, Kata High School, Santa Mary's Hall, Academy of Redemption, Antonian College Preparation College, San Antonio Academy, Holy Cross College, Providence High School, Carver Academy, Keystone School, TMI - Episcopal School Texas, St. Anthony Catholic, San Antonio Lutheran College, and Harmony Science Academy.

San Antonio is home to the US Air Force Basic Military Training (AFBMT). The Air Force has only one location for enlisted base training: 737 Training Group, at Lackland Air Force Base. All new Air Force recruits underwent the same basic training at Lackland. Every year, more than 35,000 new members through AFBMT. In addition, METC (Campus of Military Education and Training), which provides medical training for the US military at Fort Sam Houston, organizes 30 programs and more than 24,000 graduates per year. It is the largest medical education center in the world.

San Antonio is also home to the campus of The Culinary Institute of America

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Media and entertainment

Print

San Antonio has a major newspaper, San Antonio Express-News , which has been serving the area since 1865. Express-News is circulating as the largest newspaper service in South Texas. The Hearst Corporation, which owns the second newspaper, San Antonio Light , purchased News Corp's Express-News and turned off Light after it failed find buyers.

Hearst, using the Express-News brand, also produced ConexiÃÆ'³n , a weekly magazine written by a completely Hispanic staff with Hispanic spin on weekly shows. The San Antonio Current is a free "alternative" paper that is published weekly with local political issues, art and music news, restaurant listings and reviews, and a list of events and nightlife around the city. The San Antonio Business Journal covers general business news. La Prensa , bilingual publications, also has a long history in San Antonio. They closed their doors in June 2018. Edible San Antonio, the bi-monthly magazine of San Antonio, published every eight weeks. A 64 page color magazine, distributed free throughout the city, is printed with soy ink on recycled paper and covers the city's food scene with an emphasis on local food and sustainability. The San Antonio River Walk Current covers general San Antonio news.

Radio

Around 50 radio stations can be heard in the San Antonio area - 30 of which are in the right city. San Antonio is home to iHeartMedia, the largest US radio station operator. The winner, WOAI AM-1200, known for its local news operations, is considered the best in the country. This is a 50,000 watt clear channel station that reaches most of North America at night. The first radio station broadcast in southern Texas was KTSA AM-550 in 1922.

Members of the region's National Public Radio are Texas Public Radio, a group of three stations; KSTX 89.1 FM is NPR news/talk, KPAC 88.3 is a 24 hour classical music station, and KTXI 90.1 is a mix of NPR news/talks and classical music broadcasts for West Central Texas Hill Country. KSTX also broadcast "Riverwalk Jazz", featuring Jim Cullum Jazz Band on The Landing, a fixture on the River Walk since 1963.

KRTU 91.7 is a non-commercial radio station based at Trinity University. Unlike most other college radio stations in the US, the station plays jazz music 17 hours a day and rock college/indie rock at night. KSYM Alternative College Station, 90.1 FM, is owned by Alamo Community College District and operated by students of San Antonio College; like KRTU, he plays the Third Coast music network during the day and alternative music at night.

Most Latin stations in the area play regional Mexico, Tejano or contemporary pop. On January 12, 2006, the KCOR-FM belonging to the Guild "La Kalle 95.1" changed its format from Hispanic-Rhythmic Contemporary Hits to the Oldies of Spain, later renamed "Recuerdo 95.1". On November 10, 2006, Univision reversed the 97.7 Tejano KLTO format to reggaeton in an effort to reintroduce the format to San Antonio. Then 97.7 is reversed again to show the rock format. Station no longer broadcasts anything in English. Although still owned by Univision, he broadcasts music by artists such as Linkin Park, before being sold to the Media Education Foundation and flipping once more to Air1.

95.1 is then flipped back to the "La Kalle" format again after it is flipped to display the "95X" format. KLTO was acquired and operated as a simultaneous broadcast of KXTN-FM Tejano 107.5. San Antonio Radio is diversified, due to the inclusion of non-Tejano Latinos, mostly from the East Coast, serving in various municipal military bases, as well as immigrants from Mexico. Therefore, just like in other countries, radio station conglomerates have changed the format in San Antonio to reflect a demographic shift.

Television

Despite the relatively large size of both the right city and the metropolitan area, San Antonio has always been a mid-market. Currently ranked 33rd in the United States, according to marketing research firm ACNielsen. In comparison, two other Texas cities with populations of over one million people, Houston and Dallas, are among the top 10 markets. This is mainly because the adjacent suburbs and rural areas are not much larger than the city itself. In addition, Austin's close proximity cuts potential market areas.

San Antonio-based TV stations are WOAI 4 (NBC) channels, KSAT 12 channel (ABC), KENS 5 channel (CBS), Fox Broadcasting Company channel, KCWX 2 channel (myNetworkTV), KMYS channel 35 (The CW)) and channel KLRN 9 (PBS). The market is also home to six Spanish-language stations, three religious stations, three independent stations and one Internet-based station (210 TV). In 2010, the San Antonio market has 65% penetration of cable TV.

Annual event

Annual events, such as Fiesta San Antonio (city signature event) and Fiesta Noche del Rio, add a variety of entertainment options to the area, as well as strengthen the economy. Fiesta San Antonio alone brings an annual economic impact of $ 340 million. The city also hosts the SAFILM-San Antonio Film Festival every summer in August. About to celebrate 24 years, the film fest is the largest in South Texas.

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Transportation

Air

The San Antonio International Airport ( SAT ) is located in downtown San Antonio, about eight miles north of Downtown. San Antonio International is the 6th busiest airport based on passenger boardings in Texas and 44 in the United States. It has two terminals and is serviced by 11 airlines serving 42 destinations. In May 2017 Air Canada opened its reach to Texas creating a non-stop flight between San Antonio and Toronto. Stinson Municipal Airport is a resort located six miles (10 km) south of Downtown San Antonio. The airport has three runways and is also home to the Texas Air Museum.

Transit masses

Tired bus and tired bus (bus) systems provided by metropolitan transit authorities, VIA Metropolitan Transit. The full ticket of VIA, the unlimited monthly Big Pass, is $ 38 per month. VIA began operating the Bus Rapid Transit line known as VIA Primo in December 2012, which connects San Antonio City Center to South Texas Medical Center, the main campus of the University of Texas at San Antonio, and the township of Leon Valley.

In August 2010, VIA Metropolitan Transit launched a bus that is powered by diesel-electric hybrid technology. The 30 hybrid buses are operated on the VIA express routes to serve daily passengers across the city. The bus set follows the introduction of a new vehicle powered by compressed natural gas, which was unveiled in May 2010. In the fall of 2010, VIA received delivery of three new buses powered by electricity from an on-board battery. These buses serve the core area of ​​Downtown, and are the first VIA-operated revenue vehicle with zero emissions.

VIA offers 89 regular bus routes and two Downtown tram routes. These include the express service of Downtown to park and drive locations in the south, west, northwest, north-central and northeastern parts of the city, with services to key locations like UTSA, Six Flags Fiesta Texas and SeaWorld. VIA also offers special services for city events including Spurs games and city parades from its park and ride location. VIA has, among many routes, one of America's longest transit routes. Routes 550 (clockwise) and 551 (counterclockwise) travel 48 miles (77 km) in one direction as they revolve around the city.

Rel

Amtrak, a national passenger train service, provides services to San Antonio at San Antonio Amtrak Station, operates the Texas Eagle daily between San Antonio and Union Station Chicago. Amtrak also operates Sunset Limited three times a week in every direction through San Antonio between Los Angeles and New Orleans.

The Texas Eagle section runs between San Antonio and Los Angeles as part of Sunset Limited . The old Sunset Station is now the entertainment venue owned by VIA and next door to the current station and Alamodome.

The delivery service from San Antonio to Corpus Christi is provided by Union Pacific Railroad. The route of its predecessor, including passenger service, from 1913 to 1956 was provided by San Antonio, Uvalde and Gulf Railroad, or "The Sausage", as it is usually called. SAU & amp; G was incorporated into the Pacific Pacific Railroad in 1956 and subsequently incorporated by Union Pacific.

San Antonio became the largest city in America without an inner city rail system when Phoenix, the former largest city without such a system, bought one in 2008. The proposed passenger railway line, LSTAR, will connect San Antonio to Austin.

Road

San Antonio is served by this main highway:

• Interstate 10: McDermott Freeway (Northwest) stretches west to El Paso, Phoenix, and Los Angeles. Jose Lopez Freeway (East) stretches eastwards to Seguin, Houston, New Orleans and Jacksonville
• Interstate 35: Pan Am Expressway (Northeast/Southwest) - stretching south to Laredo and walking north to Austin, Dallas-Fort Worth, Oklahoma City, Kansas City, Des Moines, and Minneapolis-St. Paul
Interstate 37: Lucian Adams Freeway (Southeast) - operates from San Antonio via intersection with US Highway 281 south (Edinburg and McAllen) near Three Rivers and to Corpus Christi via intersection with Interstate 69E/US Highway 77 south (Kingsville, Harlingen and Brownsville) to the southern terminal at Corpus Christi Bay.
• Interstate 410: Connally Loop - called Loop 410 (four-ten) by the locals is a 53-mile (85 km) belt around the city.
• US 90: Cleto Rodriguez Freeway (West) via Uvalde and Del Rio to its west terminal at I-10 in Van Horn. Before I-10 East and US 90 West toll roads built US 90 travels through the west side via West Commerce St. (west) and Buena Vista St. (eastbound) and Enrique M. Barrera Pkwy. On the east side, he traveled with East Commerce St. to its current synchronization that runs simultaneously with I-10 East to Seguin.
• US 281: McAllister Freeway (North) to Johnson City and Wichita Falls. Southbound, runs simultaneously with I-37, then I-410 for 4 miles (6 km), then head south to Pleasanton. Before I-37 and McAllister Fwy. being built US 281 traveling through the north side via San Pedro Ave. and the south side through Roosevelt Ave.
• State Highway 151: Freeway Stotzer runs from US Hwy 90 West via Westover Hills which includes SeaWorld to its west terminal at State Loop 1604.
• Circle of State 1604: Loop Charles W. Anderson - just called 1604 (sixteen-oh-four) by locals - is a 96-mile (154 km) outer belt around San Antonio.

Other highways include:

• US 87: Southbound to Victoria with Roland Avenue, then Rigsby Avenue. It runs along with I-10 for 52 miles (84 km) where it goes to San Angelo to the north.
• US 181: Starts 0.5 miles (0.8 km) south of I-410/I-37/US 281 interchange and goes to Corpus Christi via Beeville. Before the I-37 was built, US 181 traveled along Presa St. from Downtown to its current alignment.
State Highway 16: From Freer, it runs alongside I-410 17 miles (27 km) along the southwest of San Antonio, to Bandera Road to Bandera
• State-Free Road 130: Starts at its southern terminal on I-35 South, across East S Loop 410 to I-10/US-90, where it operates along the toll road outside Seguin, turning into a state. toll road.
• State Highway Spur 421: Also known more commonly as "Culebra Rd." and "Bandera Rd." in Loop 410.
• State Highway Spur 422: Known as the Jourdanton Freeway Poteet. Originally planned to have a high-speed direct connection to I-35.
• Country Loop 345: Fredericksburg Street by locals; is a business circle for I-10 West/US-87 North.
• State Loop 368: Broadway and Austin Highway by locals; is a business circle for the I-35 North.
• State PA 1502 (Wurzbach Parkway): Limited access, high speed road aligned north IH-410. It has connections to I-35 (via O'Connor Rd.) And I-10 (via Wurzbach Rd.) Across the north side of the city.
• State Loop 353: Nogalitos Street and New Laredo Highway are business circles for I-35 South.
• Country Loop 13: Is the inner circle of town on the south side serving Lackland AFB, Port San Antonio, South Park Mall and Brooks CityBase traveling with Military Dr. on the south side and WW White Rd. on the east side to the intersection with I-35/I-410. The north arc circle is now I-410.

Together with FM 471, FM 1957, and State Highway 211

Also, the city has many streets of the same name (or similar). As an example:

• "Dr. Militer", "Military Hwy.", and "Military Dr. West" - Military Drivers surround the western and southern parts of the city. Military Highway, also called "Northwest Military Drive" by the locals, serving the northwest part of the city. Military Drive West serves the far western part of town. Nothing intersects.
• "Wurzbach Rd.", "Wurzbach Pkwy.", and "Harry Wurzbach Rd." - Wurzbach Rd. serving the northwest part of town. Wurzbach Pkwy., Freeway, is the east-west road serving the northwestern and northeastern parts of the city (and can be considered an extension of Wurzbach Rd.). Harry Wurzbach Rd. walked past Fort Sam Houston and Terrell Hills on the northeast side of town, and it did not cut Wurzbach Rd. or Wurzbach Pkwy.
• "Hausman Rd." and "S. Hausman Rd." two streets serving Helotes and the northwest side of the city. Hausman is the main road, and the route used by locals Helotes and NW San Antonio as an alternative to Loop 1604 that connects to I-10. S. Hausman is a suburban street that is not connected with Hausman (apart from its name).

Of the five largest cities in Texas, San Antonio is the only one without a highway. (Houston, Dallas, Austin, and Fort Worth have highways.)

Bicycle path

San Antonio has about 136 miles (219 km) of bike lanes, routes or off-road lanes. An off-road lane down the San Antonio River, a linear green lane, or a city park. Although largely unconnected, advances in creating a cyclistic environment were recognized when San Antonio was designated a "Bronze Friendly Community" level by the League of American Bicyclists.

Bicycle sharing

The bicycle sharing service was approved by the city council on June 17, 2010. The initial program consisted of 140 bikes in 14 locations supported by the "central hub". It is expected to serve both residents and visitors. San Antonio Bike Share, a non-profit organization, formed to oversee operations, is operated locally and maintained by Bike World. B-Cycle, the same system used in Denver, supplies bicycle distribution systems. It started operations in March 2011. Walkability

A 2011 study by Walk Score puts San Antonio's 40th most easily explored of the fifty largest cities in the United States. With an average Walking Score of 33, San Antonio is one of the major cities most dependent on cars in America.

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In popular culture

Movies filmed in San Antonio include Wing (1927), I Want Wing (1941), Viva Max! (1969), Sugarland Express (1974), Piranha (1978), Cloak and Dagger (1984) and The Great Adventure of Pee Wee (1985).

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Famous people

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International relations

Twin Cities

San Antonio twins with:

• - Monterrey, Nuevo LeÃÆ'³n, Mexico (1953)
• - Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (1974)
• - Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain (1975)
• - Gwangju, South Korea (1981)
• - Kaohsiung, Taiwan (1981)
• - Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain (1983)
• - Kumamoto, Japan (1987)
• - Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (2008)
• - Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (2012)
• - Windhoek, Namibia (2016)
• - Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany (2016)

City of friendship

• - Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (2010 friendship city)
• - Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (friendship city of 2011)

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See also

• List of Historic Historic Places of Interest in Bexar County, Texas
• San Antonio County Foundation

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Note

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References

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External links

• San Antonio City
• Visit San Antonio
• San Antonio Missions: Spanish Influence in Texas, Teaching National Parks Service with Historic Sites (TwHP) lesson plans
• Census quickfacts
• San Antonio City Data

Source of the article : Wikipedia