Security printing is a printing industry field that deals with printing of goods such as banknotes, checks, passports, clear-label labeling, security tape, product authentication, stock certificates, stamps and identity cards. The main purpose of security printing is to prevent counterfeiting, destruction, or counterfeiting. Recently many techniques used to protect these high value documents are becoming more available to commercial printers whether they use more traditional offset and flexographic emphasis or newer digital platforms. Businesses protect their lower value documents such as transcripts, coupons and prescription pads by including some of the features listed below to ensure that they can not be forged or that data changes can not occur without being detected.
A number of technical methods are used in the security printing industry.
Video Security printing
Special paper
Most of the notes are made of thick paper, almost always of cotton fiber for strength and durability, in some cases special colored or forensic linens or fibers are added to give the paper added individuality and protect against counterfeiting. Some countries, including Canada, Nigeria, Romania, Mexico, New Zealand, Israel, Singapore, Malaysia, the UK and Australia, produce polymer (plastic) banknotes, to increase longevity and allow the inclusion of small transparent windows (several millimeters in size) as security features that are difficult to reproduce using common counterfeiting techniques.
Maps Security printing
Watermark
Watermarks are recognizable images or patterns in paper that appear lighter or darker than the surrounding paper when viewed with light from the back of the paper, due to paper density variations. Watermarks are made by giving the impression of a water-coated metal stamp or dandy rolls to paper during manufacture. The watermark was first introduced in Bologna, Italy in 1282; as well as their use in security printing, they have also been used by paper makers to identify their products. Watermarks can also be made using polymer currencies, for example, Australia has a state symbol with a watermark on all its plastic bills.
Simulated watermark
Printed in white ink, the simulated watermark has a different reflectance than the base paper and can be viewed at an angle. Because the ink is white, it can not be photocopied or scanned.
Intaglio printing
Intaglio is a printing technique in which images are sliced ​​to the surface. Usually, copper or zinc plates are used, and incisions are made by etching or engraving images, but people can also use mezzotint. In printing, the surface is covered with ink, and then rubbed strongly with a tarlatan cloth or newspaper to remove ink from the surface, leaving it in the incision. A piece of wet paper is placed on top, and plates and paper are run through a printing press which, through pressure, transfers the ink onto the paper.
The very sharp printing obtained from the intaglio process is difficult to replicate in other ways. Intaglio also allows the creation of a latent image that is only visible when the document is viewed at a very shallow angle.
Geometric lathe work
GuillochÃÆ' Â © is an ornamental pattern that is formed of two or more curved ribbons that interlock to repeat the circular design. They are made with geometric lathe.
Microprinting
This involves the use of very small text, and is most commonly used in currency and bank checks. This text is generally small enough to be invisible to the naked eye. Checks, for example, use microprint as the signature line.
Inks that optically change color variables
Color changing ink made from mica.
Color changing ink color magnetizable inks are prepared by inserting chromatic pigments of high color strength. The strong inherent color of the magnetic pigment generally reduces the attainable color spectrum. Generally, pigments should be used at high concentrations to ensure that enough magnetizable material is applied even in a thin layer of offset. Some magnetic pigments are best suited for magnetizable colored inks because of the lower darkness. Homogeneous magnetization (no preferred orientation) is easily obtained on pigments made of spherical particles. The best results are achieved when the remanent and coercive field strength are very low and the magnetization is high saturated.
Magnetic pigments are also used in ribbon tape for encoding and reading (MICR = Magnetic Ink Character Recognition). The pigment is dispersed in a binder system (resin, solvent) or waxy compound and applied either by pressing or by hot melt to the carrier film (usually polyethylene).
When the pearlescent pigment is seen at different angles the angle of light as perceived makes the color appear to change as a magnetic field in the direction of particle shift.
Hologram
Holograms can be embedded either through hot-stamping foil, where a very thin layer of only a few micrometers depth is bound to paper or plastic substrates by using a hot-melt adhesive (called a coat of measure) and heat from the dead metal, or it may immediately arise as holographic paper , or to the laminate of the card itself. When combined with a special design pattern or logo, the hologram hot stologous foil becomes a security foil that protects credit cards, passports, bank records, and value documents from counterfeiting. Holograms help in limiting forging, and product duplication is therefore very important for security purposes. Once stamped on a product, they can not be deleted or forged, improving the product at the same time. Also from a security perspective, if stamped, the hologram is a superior security device because it is almost impossible to remove from its substrate.
Security thread
Metallic yarn and foil, from simple color features to copying colors to foils with the added effect of optical variables are often used.
There are two types of security threads. One is thinly coated aluminum and partially polyester de-metalized film yarn with microprinting embedded in security paper as banknotes or passport paper. Another type of security thread is a single or multicolor sewing thread made of cotton or synthetic fibers, mostly UV fluorescent, for bookbinding passports.
Sometimes, paper money designers give in to the effects of Titanic, and put too much confidence in certain tricks. An example is the counterfeiting of British banknotes in the 1990s. The British banknotes of the 1990s featured metal strips through a paper about 1 mm wide that came to the surface of the paper every 8 mm. When examined in reflected light, it appears to have a dotted metal line across it, but when viewed through transmitted light, the metal strip is dark and dense.
Duplicates are considered difficult, but criminal gangs are able to reproduce quickly. They use a cheap hot-stamping process to put a metal strip on the surface of the paper, then printed a solid bar pattern on it using white ink to leave the expected metal pattern visible. At their trial, they were found to have faked tens of millions of pounds sterling for several years.
Magnetic Ink
Due to the speed with which they can be read by computer systems, the introduction of magnetic ink characters is widely used in banking, especially for personal examination. The ink used in magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) technology is also used to reduce errors in automatic (or computerized) readings.
Some people believe that magnetic ink is intended as a fraud prevention concept, but the original intention is to have non-optical technology so writing on checks, like signatures, will not interfere with readings. The main magnetic fonts (E13-B and CMC7) can be downloaded for a small fee and additional magnetic toners are available for many printers. Some high resolution toners have enough magnetic properties for magnetic readings to succeed without special toner.
Serial number
Serial numbers help make legitimate documents more easily tracked and audited. To help detect counterfeit serial numbers will usually have a Check digit to verify the serial number.
Another method of protection is to make the number of traps in the serial number range. For example, the system can automatically cancel numbers that are in the range of 200-300 (eg 210, 205 will become invalid). The system can even retrieve a single random number within a block (eg ending 51, 37, 48 in the invalid 200-300 range).
Anti-copy mark
At the end of the 20th century advances in computer and photocopy technology enable people without advanced training to easily copy currencies. In an effort to prevent this, the bank has attempted to add filtering features to the publicly available software and hardware that perceives currency features, and then locks any material reproduction with this signature. One well known example of such a system is the EURion constellation.
Clear-copy
Sometimes only original documents have value. A signed original check has a value but a copy is not. Original recipe script can be completed but the copy is not allowed. Clearly proven technologies provide security for copying documents by helping to distinguish between original documents and copies.
The most common technology to help distinguish original documents from copies is an empty pantograph. Void pantographs are essentially invisible to the untrained naked eye, but when scanned or copied the layout of lines, dots and lines will reveal a word (often VOID and hence the name) or clear symbols allowing the copy to be identified. This technology is available on both traditional (offset and flexographic) printing machines and on newer digital platforms. The advantage of a digital press is that in a single pass through the printer, an empty pantograph with all variable data can be printed on plain paper.
Clear copier paper, sometimes marketed as 'security paper', is an empty pantograph paper before printing that is usually produced on offset or flexographic printing machines. The quality of a hollow pantograph is usually quite good as it is produced in the press with very high resolution and when only a small number of original documents are printed, it can be a cost effective solution but the advent of digital printers is fast. erode this benefit.
The second technology that complements and enhances the effectiveness of empty pantographs is Verification Grid. This technology is seen in the original, usually a fine line or symbol but when photocopied the lines and these images disappear; reverse reaction from a vacuum pantograph. The most common example of this technology is on the fine lines on the edge of the check that will be lost when copied or on the coupon when the symbol, like a shopping cart, disappears when an unauthorized copy is made. Verification Grid is available for traditional or digital emphasis.
Empty pantaloons and Verification Grids complement each other because of the reaction to inverted copying, resulting in a higher degree of certainty that hard copy documents are original documents.
Prismatic Color
The use of color can greatly help prevent counterfeiting. By inserting color on documents, color photocopiers should be used in making copies, but the use of these machines also tends to improve the effectiveness of other technologies such as Void Pantographs and Verification Grids (see Copy-evident above).
By using two or more colors in the background and combining them, a prism effect can be made. This can be done on traditional or digital media. When a document using this technique is attempted to photocopy the scan and re-creation by an improper color photocopier usually results in milkfish or blotching and thus the immediate recognition of the document as a copy.
An example of frequent prismal staining is on examination where it is combined with other techniques such as Voice Pantograph to increase the difficulty of successful counterfeiting.
Hello
Carefully generated images can be hidden in the background or in images on the document. These images can not be seen without the help of cheap lenses from filtering specific lines. When placed above the image location and rotating the image becomes visible. If the document is copied, the Halo image is missing.
Hello can be printed on traditional or digital emphasis. The advantage of traditional emphasis is that many images can be superimposed in the same location and become visible in turn when the lens is rotated.
Halo is used as a technique for authenticating the authenticity of documents and can be used to verify important information in documents. For example, the value of a coupon may be encoded as a verifiable Halo image at the time of redemption or equal to the seat number on the sporting event ticket.
False positive test
A false-positive test gets its name because the test requires a false and positive reaction to authenticate the document. The most common example is the fake detector marker available in many banks and stores.
Fake detector detectors use chemical interactions with substrates, usually paper, from documents that convert them into specific colors. Typically the markers turn black and leave currency or areas that are specially treated on clear documents or gold. The reaction and coloration vary depending on the formulation. Banknotes, being specially treated substrates, usually behave differently than standard paper or other papers and this difference is how counterfeit money is detected by the marker.
False-positive test can also be done on documents other than currency as a means to test its authenticity. With marker marks, words or values ​​can be revealed that allow users to instantly verify documents, such as coupons. In more sophisticated applications, the marker creates scannable barcodes for verification or reference to other data within documents that generate a higher degree of certainty of authenticity.
Document copy has no special treatment of the substrate so it is easily detected. The false-positive test is generally a one-time test because once done the results remain visible so that although useful as part of the coupon, this technique is not suitable for ID badges for example.
Fluorescent dye
Fluorescent dyes are dye that fluoresces under ultraviolet light or other unusual lighting. It appears as words, patterns or images and can be seen or not visible under normal lighting. This feature is also incorporated into many banknotes and other documents - e.g. The Northern Ireland NHS recipe shows the local '8th magic' image of the Giant's Causeway in UV light. Some manufacturers include multi-frequency fluorescence, so that different elements fluoresce below a certain light frequency.
Registration features on both sides
Banknotes are usually printed with a good arrangement between printing on each side of the note. This allows records to be checked for this feature, and provides an opportunity to haphazardly integrate other features from note to printing. Again, this is hard to duplicate quite accurately in most print stores.
Electronic devices
With the advent of RFID, it is possible to incorporate very small RF-active devices into print products to improve document security. This is most evident in modern biometric passports, where RFID chips reflect the printed information.
Thermochromatic ink
Security inks with a normal "trigger" temperature of 88Ã, Â ° F (31Ã, Â ° C), which will disappear or change color when ink is scrubbed, usually with a fingertip.
latent image
Pressure-sensitive or hot-stamped labels are marked by normal appearance (gray or colored). When viewed through a special filter (such as a polarizer), an additional image, usually latent, appears.
See also
- Active packaging
- Authentication
- Gemalto
- Theft packet
- Tamper-evident technology
- Tamper resistance
- Steganography
- QR code
- Geometric lathe
References
External links
- Security Printing Conference by Pira International
- Council of the European Union: Glossary of Security Documents, Security Features and other related technical terms
- TorApp.Info Platform Printing and Online Security Design
- Copy protected paper: US Patent: 20100291324 A1
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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