Life expectancy has risen two years for men and women in Vietnam between 2000 and 2012. This is half the average increase in life expectancy for other parts of the world over the same time period.
Malnutrition is still common in provinces, and life expectancy and infant mortality are stagnant. In 2001, government spending on health care was equivalent to only 0.9 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). Government subsidies cover only about 20 percent of health care costs, with the remaining 80 percent out of individual personal pockets.
In 2012, nearly 22% of deaths can be attributed to stroke. The leading cause of death was followed by heart disease with 7% of death, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with 4.9% mortality. The two biggest risk factors for adults are the use of tobacco and elevated blood pressure.
Contraception is widely used and most births are attended by skilled healthcare providers. Only about 60% of women receive antenatal care during their pregnancy.
Video Health in Vietnam
Health care system
Vietnam is currently struggling toward a universal health care system. By the end of 2014, 71.6% of the population has health insurance. Currently, the government subsidizes 80% of hospital costs for the poor and near poor, and 100% for the poor and ethnic minorities living in disadvantaged areas, and 30% for farmers and fishermen with average living conditions.
Maps Health in Vietnam
Problem
Beginning in the late 1980s, the quality of health care began to decline as a result of budget constraints, shifting responsibilities to the province, and introduction of costs. Inadequate funding has led to delays in planned improvements to water supply and sewerage systems. As a result, almost half the population has no access to clean water, a deficiency that encourages infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue, typhoid and cholera. Inadequate funding has also contributed to the shortage of nurses, midwives, and hospital beds. In 2000, Vietnam had only 250,000 hospital beds, or 14.8 beds per 10,000 people, a very low ratio among Asian countries, according to the World Bank. Government spending on health has declined and health systems have been largely financed through user fees that have direct implications for the rural poor, preventing them from accessing health services.
Agent Orange
Some health defects have been correlated with the use of chemical dioxins, also known as Agent Orange, during the War of Resistance Against America (Vietnam War). Dioxin is used in war as a defoliant and is now regarded as a carcinogen. The main differences in dioxin levels have been measured in blood and breast milk from those living in areas that have been sprayed with Agent Orange when compared to other regions in Vietnam. These carcinogens are associated with tumors, immune deficiencies, reproductive and developmental disorders, nervous system defects, and various other birth defects including Spina bifida. Agent Orange continues to be a risk factor in Vietnam today due to its ongoing presence in land, wildlife, and food. In addition, the effect continues to be seen in generations born to those exposed to Agent Orange. Beginning in 2007, Vietnam Veterans are now compensated for adverse health effects due to Exposure.
Malaria
Vietnam has made progress in fighting malaria, where the death toll has fallen sharply, to about 5 percent of the figure in the early 1990s, after it introduced drugs and antimalarial medication.
Tuberculosis
The National Tuberculosis Control Program of Vietnam (NTP) worked with the control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to reduce Tuberculosis (TB) levels, and it surpassed the target in 1997. [7] However, incidence of TB among women and people over 35, Tuberculosis rates among young men in Vietnam increased significantly during this time leading to a stabilization of the overall rate. [7] According to World Health Organization, Vietnam has the 12th highest incidence of Tuberculosis worldwide. There are about 89 positive cases for every 100,000 people. [7] With an intensive vaccination program, better hygiene, and foreign assistance, Vietnam hopes to sharply reduce the number of TB cases and new annual numbers. infection. [2]
A 2012 study on tuberculosis control in Vietnam, identified a deficiency in current strategy that is only present for symptomatic patients, as it has not been marked by a significant reduction in TB levels. Instead the study authors advocate for a contact tracing strategy that will focus on household members of Tuberculosis patients in Hanoi. The study found a high incidence rate of TB in household contacts tested and concluded that household contact inquiry would be a viable disease management strategy in Vietnam.
HIV and AIDS
In January 2005, Vietnam has diagnosed 101,291 cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), of which 16,528 developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 9,554 died. But the actual number of HIV-positive people is estimated to be much higher. An average of 40-50 new infections are reported daily in Vietnam. Vietnam hopes to hold the current level of HIV infection at the official level of 0.35 percent, which averages around the world, by limiting the disease as much as possible to sex workers and injecting drug users. However, if current trends continue, the number of infected people may reach 1 million by 2010. One obstacle to containing HIV/AIDS is that victims face more severe discrimination and stigmatization than almost anywhere in the world, according to a UN officials. Non-governmental organizations, such as the Community Development Initiative (SCDI), for example, are devoted to improving the situation and quality of life of people affected by HIV/AIDS. In June 2004, the Bush Administration announced that Vietnam would be one of 15 countries to receive funding as part of a global $ 15 billion global AIDS plan.
Maternal and child health
In June 2011, the United Nations Population Fund released a report on the World Midwifery Situation. It contains new data on midwifery workforce and policies relating to newborn and mother deaths for 59 countries. The maternal mortality rate in 2015 per 1,000,000 births for Vietnam is 567. This is compared to 64.3 in 2008 and 157.9 in 1990. The mortality rate below 5 years, per 1,000 births, is 24 years, and neonatal mortality as a percentage below 5 years of age. the death toll is 52. The purpose of this report is to highlight the ways in which the Millennium Development Goals can be achieved, especially Goal 4 - Reduce child mortality and Goal 5 - increase maternal mortality. In Vietnam, the number of midwives per 1,000 live births is unavailable and the risk of lifetime mortality for pregnant women 1 in 850.
Prenatal screening
Tine M. Gammeltoft, an anthropologist at the University of Copenhagen has described the interactions between individuals and countries during prenatal screening, "In the field of reproduction, the intense sentiments of anxiety, fear, desire, ambition, and hope tie together the country, and citizens [Vietnam] , which drives individual aspirations and national population policies ".
The increasing prevalence of ultrasound technology in this country has led to more screening for abnormal fetuses. [9] While women in the Western world typically offer one or two ultrasounds during their entire duration of pregnancy, it is not uncommon for Vietnamese women to have more than 20 ultrasounds during one pregnancy. [9] This ultrasound focus is often much different from that in Western countries, where parents expect to determine their gender. their babies or see photos of developing fetuses. Due to the prevalence of birth defects due to Agent Orange in Vietnam, ultrasound is often a means to extinguish the fears of expectant mothers. <9> The Vietnam Commission for Population, Family and Children, made a statement in 2004 describing their support for prenatal screening in the hope of improving the quality of the population that would allow Vietnam to enter the phase of modernization and industrialization with countries Other Southeast Asia. [9] This focus on national Vietnam "stock" is partly based on the Japanese efforts that began in 1945 to strengthen the physical and quality of their population through genetic programs, encouraging scientists to have multiple children, and legalizing marriages with strangers. [9]
Due to the high prevalence of HIV infection in women of childbearing age worldwide, despite high rates of Vietnamese HIV/AIDS diagnosis, health counseling during the prenatal period also focuses on HIV-positive pregnant women. Since 1996, women have access to programs designed to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV, but still face the decision to terminate their pregnancies for fear of long-term care of children. Many women decide to have an abortion for fear that they will not be able to care for the child. This is common even when families want to have children.
Provider
Public sector
- 108 Hospital in Hanoi
- Bach Mai Hospital in Hanoi
- Viet Duc Hospital in Hanoi
- Cho Ray Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City
Private sector
City International Hospital is the largest international hospital with a capacity of 320 beds, 21 medical specialties with a Center of Excellence in Digital angiography reduction/Cath lab in cardiology intervention, neurological intervention. Other iconic features include General Surgery, Orthopedics, Women's and Children's Health. it serves 400 thousand outpatients a year. 25% of patients in the hospital are foreigners.
Hoan My Medical Corporation is the largest and most prestigious chain hospital (7 hospitals and one clinic) across Vietnam, serving 1.8 million patient visits annually, with Excellence medical center in a wide spectrum of specialties, ie Cardiology, Orthopedics, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Pediatrics, Gerontology, Ophthalmology, Hepatology and Gastroenterology
References
External links
- World Resurrection Country - Vietnam Country Profile
- Support the Community Development Initiative - Home
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments