Chart

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A chart is a graphical representation of the data, where "data is represented by a symbol, such as a bar in the bar chart, a line in the line chart, or a slice in the pie chart". Charts can represent tabular numerical data, functions or some type of qualitative structure and provide different info.

The term "chart" as a graphical representation of the data has many meanings:

• The data diagram is a type of diagram or graph, which governs and represents a series of numerical or qualitative data.
• Maps decorated with additional information (surround maps) for a particular purpose are often known as charts, such as nautical charts or flight charts, usually scattered across multiple sheets of maps.
• Other domain-specific constructs are sometimes called charts, such as chord charts in music notation or recording charts for album popularity.

Charts are often used to facilitate the understanding of large amounts of data and relationships between parts of the data. Charts can usually be read faster than raw data. They are used in many fields, and can be made by hand (often on graph paper) or by computer using a charting app. Some chart types are more useful for presenting a given set of data than others. For example, data that presents percentages in different groups (such as "satisfied, dissatisfied, unsure") are often displayed in the pie chart, but may be more easily understood when presented in a horizontal bar chart. On the other hand, data representing numbers that change over a period of time (such as "annual income from 1990 to 2000") may be best shown as a line chart.

Video Chart

Fitur bagan

A chart can take many forms, but there is a general feature that provides a chart with its ability to extract the meaning of the data.

Usually the data in the graph is represented graphically, because humans can generally deduce the meaning of images faster than from text. Text is generally used only to annotate the data.

One of the most important uses of the text in the graph is the title . The graphic title usually appears above the main graph and provides a brief description of what data is in the graph.

Dimensions in the data are often displayed on the axis . If horizontal and vertical axes are used, they are usually referred to as the x-axis and the y-axis respectively. Each axis will have scale , denoted by periodic graduation and usually accompanied by numerical or category indications. Each axis usually also has labels displayed on the outside or beside it, briefly describing the dimensions represented. If the scale is numeric, the label will often be superimposed with the unit of that scale in parentheses. For example, "Distance traveled (m)" is a typical x-axis label and would mean that the distance traveled, in meters, corresponds to the horizontal position of the data in the graph.

In the graph, the grid line may appear to help visual alignment of data. Grids can be enhanced by visually emphasizing the lines on regular or significant graduation. The emphasized line is then called the main grid line and the rest is the minor grid line.

The chart data can appear in all sorts of formats, and may include individual textual labels depicting the datum associated with the position shown in the chart. Data can appear as dots or shapes, connected or unconnected, and in combination of colors and patterns. Conclusions or points of interest can be overlayed directly on the graph to help extract more information.

When the data that appears in the chart contains some variables, the chart can include legend (also known as the key). The legend contains a list of variables that appear on the chart and examples of their appearance. This information allows data of each variable to be identified in the chart.

Maps Chart

Chart type

General chart

Empat grafik yang paling umum adalah:

This gallery shows:

• The histogram consists of a tabular frequency, shown as an adjacent rectangle, erected above a discrete interval (garbage bin), with an area equal to the frequency of observation in the interval; first introduced by Karl Pearson.
• A bar chart is a chart with a rectangle of length that is proportional to the value it represents. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. The first known bar chart is usually associated with Nicole Oresme, Joseph Priestley, and William Playfair.
• The pie chart shows the percentage value as a slice of the cake; first introduced by William Playfair.
• The line chart is a two-dimensional spread of the observed observations, where the observations are connected in sequence. The first known line graph is usually credited to Francis Hauksbee, Nicolaus Samuel Cruquius, Johann Heinrich Lambert, and William Playfair.

Bagan umum lainnya adalah:

Bagan kurang umum

Contoh bagan yang kurang umum adalah:

This gallery shows:

• The bubble diagram is a two-dimensional scatterplot in which the third variable is represented by the size of the points.
• The polar area diagram, sometimes called the Coxcomb diagram, is an enhanced pie form developed by Florence Nightingale.
• The radar graph or "spider diagram" or "doi" is a two-dimensional chart of three or more quantitative variables shown on the axis starting from the same point.
• The waterfall chart also known as the "Walking" chart, is a special floating column type chart.
• A tree map where the rectangular area matches the value. Other dimensions can be represented by color or hue.
• A streamgraph, a stacked area graph, a curved field shifting around the central axis
• A GapChart, time series graph shows the growing gap and equation between series. Other dimensions can be represented by color or hue.

Field custom fields

Some chart types have specific uses in a particular field

This gallery shows:

• Stock market prices are often depicted with a high-low-open chart-close to the traditional bar chart volume at the bottom.
• The candlestick chart is another bar chart type used to describe the price movement of an equity over time.
• The Kagi Chart is an independent time stock tracking chart that seeks to minimize noise.
• Alternatively, if fewer details are required, and the size of the chart is the most important, mini graphics can be used.

Another example:

• Interest rates, temperatures, etc., at the end of the period are plotted with a line chart.
• The project planner uses the Gantt chart to show the timing of tasks that occur over time.

Famous named folders

Beberapa bagan bernama yang lebih terkenal adalah:

Some specific charts have become famous by effectively explaining phenomena or ideas.

• The allele chart is a chart derived from genetic studies to show the interaction of two data points in the box.
• Gantt charts help with complex project scheduling.
• The Nolan graph and the Pournelle chart classify political philosophy based on two axes of variation.
• The PERT chart is often used in project management.
• The Smith chart works in radio electronics.

Other charts

Ada lusinan jenis bagan lainnya. Berikut beberapa di antaranya:

Satu lagi contoh: diagram Bernal

Bidang umum

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Perangkat lunak bagan

While charts can be drawn by hand, computer software is often used to generate charts automatically based on the data entered. For examples of commonly used software, see List of software diagrams.

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See also

• Comparison of the Adobe Flex chart
• Diagram
• Drakon Chart
• Explorative data analysis
• Graphical organizers
• Graphical information
• Mathematical diagram
• Official statistics
• Plot (graph)
• Edward Tufte

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References

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Further reading

• Brinton, Willard Cope. Graphical method to present facts . Engineering magazine, 1914.
• Karsten, Karl G. Graphics and graphics: Introduction to graphical methods in control and statistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, 1923, 1925.

Source of the article : Wikipedia